COLGATE & CO

Dept. 89. 199 Fulton St., New York

Makers of Cashmere Bouquet Soap — luxurious, lasting, refined.

Bronze is ever-enduring. ^lildew, moss-growth, chipping, crumbling inn possible. Used for forty years, stands every test. ^lore dignified than granite, less expensive. Work delivered anywhere. Write for free booklet.

Reliable Representatives Wanted. MONUMENTAL BRONZE CO.

347C Howard Ave. Bridgeport, Conn.

HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS

Bear the script name of

Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get " Improved," no tacks required. .

Wood Rollers Tin Rollers

AGENTS— PROFIT

FOOT SCRAPER and CLEANER needed

on every porch and outside door step Bight now is the time to sell it. A winner. C.P.Draper, Mass., fiist, order for 200. — Profit S90. W. W.Harpster, Pa., made $27.45 profit in 4 evenings spare time work. Write quick for terms of free sample. Thomas Mfg Co. 3946 Home St. Dayton, 0»

Shut Your Eyes and Fertilize

By J. F. Williams THE gospel declaration, "he who sows sparingly shall reap sparingly," applies with great truth to seed-sowing and fertiliza- tion in the garden.

An old lady once put all the sugar her judgment would allow into her pieplant pies, then closed her eyes and put in another handful — a good rule in fertilizing a garden.

Every farmer should have two affinities — his wife and his farm.

(Quality Cert-iHed — Durability Guaran-fec(£)

Roofing in Rolls and Shingles

It' s the best you can buy. Look for the Certain- teed label of quality and 15- year wear giiarantee on every roll and crate of shingles. Ask your dealer for prices — he can save you money.

Get Our New Book —

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General Roofing Mfg. Co,

York, Pa. E. St. Lonis, IlL Marseilles. III.

Minneapolis San Francisco Winnipeg, Can.

General Roofing

The Worid'a tartest

roanufacturer of Boo&ngs and Build- ins: Papers

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There's no Justification for Tariff Fears

By John P. Ross

STORM, fire and flood which have wrought so much havoc lately, have had less eftect in disorganizing the food supply than might have been expected. The sheep market has. with the exception of a rather sharp rise in the early part of April, remained remarkably stead}', and no ten- dency toward any great rise or fall in prices has developed.

For a few days the difficulties of transpor- tation caused some trouble and a sudden jump in prices : but by the middle of April they had settled down to about the rates that have prevailed for some weeks past. On the whole, something a little better than the early April prices were claimed, especially for mature sheep. Top sheep were selling at $6.95 ; bulk at from $6 to $6.75 ; top lambs at $9.25 ; bulk at $7.75 to $9.

The wool market is quiet. All interests are pondering over the possible or probable effects of the tariff changes. But in the world centers of the trade the outlook is regarded as most encouraging. It is worthy of note that in the last series of sales of colonial wool in London, out of 50,000 bales taken for export only 4,000 were for this country.

The Tariff is Like a "Stuffed Club"

The effect of the advent of free meats is, of course, a matter of great interest to all concerned, which is the entire population of the country, and anything that may help to cast a ray of light on the subject is of value, because any change in tariffs always pro- duces more excitement than is justified by the practical effects produced.

At times it has been known to prove some- thing of a "stuffed club" in causing a panic in some oversensitive trade. In the present case there are certain circumstances which should tend to calm the fears of such sheep- men as are inclined to believe that free mut- ton is going to knock the bottom out of this business ; and I feel inclined to cheer them up.

A cause for these optimistic views is to be found in a study of the latest reports of the English meat markets, where for many years foreign meats, on the hoof and as frozen carcasses, have been selling by the thousands of tons. In considering the following figures it must be remembered that Great Britain's supply of sheep in proportion to population is far greater than ours, so that not the scarcity but the superiority of the home- grown article is what causes the great differ- ence in prices : and that we are quite well able to produce as good food sheep as our English cousins if we will take the trouble to do so.

Some Interesting Values

Here are the comparative prices of native and imported carcasses of sheep and lambs at wholesale in the London central meat market last month.

Sheep V.\lues in' Cents Per Pou.nd

English — Wethers, 15 to 16; ewes. 11 to

Scotch — Yearlings, 17 to 18; wethers. 15 to 16.

New Zealand— All kinds, 8 to 9. Australia — All kinds, 65^ to 8. Jliver Platte— All kinds, to 8.

L.AMB V.\LUES IN Cents Per Pound

English — 22 to 24. New Zealand — 12 to 14. .•\ustrafia — 11 to 12.

These have been about the range of prices for some years.

The increase of population in Australia and New Zealand is greater in proportion than that of sheep ; and as regards South America, the chairman of the River Platte Fresh Meat Company, one of the largest exporters of frozen meats, writes : "Sheep and lambs on the average are too high in price to send over unless the market price obtainable is higher."

All this seems to point to the conclusion that none of these exporting countries are likely to crowd their goods into a market where more desirable stuff is selling right along at prices lower than those they have been getting for years, and the more so since they are finding it difficult to meet the de- mands of their old customers. Moreover, frozen food of any kind is never so good as the fresh.

cause of the strong eastern demand for this class, but prices fluctuate considerably.

Weights are Running Heavy

Whenever shipping demand has lagged the packers have refused to absorb these except at sharp reductions. During the flood few or no hogs were available at Indianapolis, Cleveland or Cincinnati, consequently Chi- cago was forced to handle this demand and prices advanced sharply while the demand lasted, which was for several weeks.

Medium and heavy weights have had the most stable market— they have not partici- pated in the sharp advance or declines to any degree.

The heavy storm the second week in April in the West had its effect in curtailing supply and boosting prices, but with the com- ing of better weather this condition disap- peared. The growers have kept the market even by holding whenever the supply has been large enough to cause a tnaterial de- cline. Continued heax'y feeding has raised the average weight until it is now the

heaviest it has been for several years for this season of the year.

Although hogs are coming in the heaviest in weight in years and are well finished be- fore marketing thus yielding a high percent- age of lard, the supply of that commodity has gradually decreased until it is the short- est in several years. This shows its enor- mous consumption the past few months.

The Hog Supply is 40 Per Cent. Less Than Last Year

While the professional speculators are continually endeavoring to hammer down the prices of provisions the reports of the stocks now on hand would indicate contrary action. When all cuts of pork are con- sidered, the supply is nearly 40 per cent, under that of one year ago.

Southern demand has been slack lately, but this is considered as temporary and will soon enlarge. With such a broad demand and moderate supply it does not look as if prices will decline until the fall pigs and fat sows make their appearance after weaning.

The Hog Market Unchanged

By L. K, Brown T\L'RING the past few weeks there has ■•'^been but little change in the hog market. Prices in Chicago have varied within a scventy-five-cent range. Light hogs have continued to maintain their premium be-

; What is Being Done Toward Better Markets for Farm ^ ; Products and a Better System of Farm Credits f

I By D. Stockwell Burch T

I ■ Associate Elditor. Delegate for Farm and Fireside ^

, A National Movement Inaugurated: An earnest and well-organized %

' national movement is on foot to bring about better markets for farm products 4

and a better system of farm credits. T

The persons and organizations back of this movement include farmers. *

editors of co-operating farm papers, governors and their representatives, J*

transportation experts, presidents and deans of agricultural colleges, bankers, T

officers of farmers' associations and others interested in public welfare, ^

Establishing a Working Plan: The First National Conference on J|

Marketing and Farm Credits was held in Chicago, April 8, 9 and 10, 1913, 5

under the auspices of the co-operating farm papers. It was attended by 415 J|

delegates^ representing the interests cited above in thirty-four States of the T

United States, two provinces in Canada and one state in Mexico. The X

purpose of the meeting v,as to take an inventory of all available information J"

on the subjects under discussion, to sift the useful data from the worthless T

and to formulate a working plan. 4.

Facts About Marketing Which Were Accepted as Correct: A co-opera- 2 tive enterprise is most successful when it includes people of one nationalitj', * one united purpose of some common tie holding men together. The mixed J| nationality of American people is responsible for the slow growth of co-op- X erative enterprises in America as' compared with Europe. ^

Farmers and consumers lose a billion dollars every year because of ineffective methods of marketing.

The tendenc}" is to pay the producer the least he will take and to take from the consumer the greatest sum he will pay and yet continue to buy.

Facts About Farm Credits Which Were Accepted as Correct: Help the farmer to own the farm he lives on, thus reducing the number of renters, and you take the greatest step of all toward better social conditions, better roads and better farms.

The average rate of interest in the United States on money secured by farm mortgages is within six and one-half per cent., and in the more settled communities five per cent.

Things Which Speakers Urged Ought to be Done Toward Better Markets: The Government ought to take the matter of market quotations into its own hands and out of the hands of "gamblers."

The Government ought to define standard market packages and classifica- tions so that the farmer will be able to pack and grade his products accord- ingly, thus eliminating repacking, waste and expense at the markets.

Things Which Speakers Urged Ought to be Done Toward Better Farm Credits: Credit should be more easily obtained, mortgage loans should be for longer periods of time and rates easier.

Postal savings bank deposits should be loaned to the farmers on farm mortgages under a system similar to the Foncier system of France, which requires that the money be used only for improving the farm or the farm equipment and that adequate methods of soil conservation be practised.

Long-time loans should be "amortized," which is the banking term for paying them off gradually by a small payment over interest each year, thus reducing both the capital and interest at the same time.

The Substance of the Resolutions Which Were Passed: The parcel post should be improved and rates made cheaper.

The United States Department of Agriculture should collect and dis- tribute through its Office of Markets information on all farm problems.

State and local co-operative organizations and marketing societies should be formed as au.xiliary forces in the better-markets campaign.

Both the state and federal governments should give immediate considera- ■ tion to the provision of adequate means through which farmers may secure loans under favorable conditions.

What the Conference Actually Did: It found that in general the four great interests — producers, transportation companies, commission men and consumers — act independently and have not attempted to co-operate.

It found that among the Jew farmers of the United States there are already in operation seventeen co-operative banks practically identical with the Reiffeisen Banks of Germany.

It found that the cost of taking the products of the farm to the consumers is unnecessarily large, and the methods employed are wasteful.

It provided for the appointment of a committee to lay the results of the conference before President Wilson and Congress in an effort to secure needed legislation.

It provided for the publication in the form of inexpensive books of all the information brought togefher at the conference.

What the Government Has Done and is Doing: Congress appropriated under the agricultural bill $50,000 for the establishment of an Office of Markets and $25,000 to investigate the problem of farm finance both in the United States and abroad.

An Office of Markets in the United States Department of Agriculture has already been established, .\bout twelve experts will be appointed in a few weeks to organize and begin the work.

Secretary of Agriculture Houston promises : We are going to have a more direct route from the producer to the consumer. Ever>' unnecessary middleman will be eliminated.

Plans for the Future: The second National Conference on Marketing and Farm Credits will be held in Chicago next year, probably in April,

An international congress on marketing and farm credits will be held * in San Francisco in 1915 under the auspices of the Panama Exposition. T

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Farm and Fireside, May 10, 1913

Cheap Cattle are Coming from Somewhere

By W. S. A. Smith

THIS is the time of year when the grass on meadows and pastures begins to Ap- pear luxuriantly and farmers worry before the end of May because it seems to be wast- ing if there are not enough live stock to eat it up. There never was a greater mistake-^ than this. There is- very little food value in the first of the grass and cattle seldom hold weight during May.

We have this May an extraordinary de- mand for stock cattle and prices are high. Any man who buys cattle either to grass or feed is naturally optimistic, he generally figures on an advance in prices (which he does not always get) to make him a profit.

Provide Now for Fall Pasture

This year a man must be very optimistic to figure on any advance above present ex- traordinary prices. He would very much better figure on cheaper cattle. I cannot tell where these cheaper cattle can come from but I have always observ ed that when every- one is figuring alike something happens to upset their calculations.

I will need lots of cattle this fall and hope to get them when I can see daylight through things and may have to pay these prices, but at present nothing would tempt me to buy cattle at the present prices merely to eat up grass when this grass either as grass or hay may be used up six months later at a greater profit.

The average pasture in the corn-belt states fails to produce much beef or milk after --Xugust simply because it is eaten so close during the early summer. The most money I have ever made from pasture has been made during the months of September. October and Xovember. and you cannot have good pastures in these months unless you save it in the early summer.

Xumbers of men believe these prices will hold and are buying stock cattle at eight cents. They may be right and make money, but it looks like a long-shot "nothing ven- ture nothing gain."

Don't Dispose of Good Heifers Hastily

I have in my feed yards fifty-six head of prime two-year-old Hereford heifers, aver- age weight 900 pounds, fed six and a half months, worth on the Chicago market around nine cents, and yet I would be perfectly justified with present prices for stockers and present prospects in taking these heifers off feed, turning them out on grass and breeding them in Jime to a good bull, for I don't know where such heifers for quality could be duplicated at the price.

These cattle were bought last November in the sand-hill country in Xebraska. and in a recent letter from the man who sold them he stated he had just shipped twenty-five head of similar two-year-old heifers to a man in Montana at SSO per head, which would be at least ten cents per pound as his heifers are simply wintered and are pretty thin this time of year.

Parcel Post Practical Onl\' for Short Distances

By C. M. Atwood

THE parcel post is something for the * farmer to rejoice over. For once we are ahead of our brothers in the city. They must go to the post-office or a postal station to mail their packages, while we can do it through our rural carrier, with only a step to the road. This has enabled me. here in \'ermont, to get individual customers fifty miles away, and ship direct. I can send them a five-pound box of butter for se\ en- teen cents.

One ELxperience with the Middleman

Dealings through the commission firms have not always proved a success. At one time I had a few choice pears. After care- fully picking and packing them I sent them to Boston. In a short time I received word from the commission man that they did not sell for enough to pay expenses, so that I was in his debt.

Now I have a list of customers who like fresh farm produce and are willing to pay accordingly. I can drop them a line telling them of the articles I have for sale, and when orders are received I send all articles under ten pounds by parcel post. Over that, I find express cheaper ; I can send ten pounds of maple sugar to Chicago for thirty-! five cents. If I sent the same by parcel post it would cost me seventy-nine cents.

Uncle Sam as My Messenger

.Another way I have used the parcel post is in the saving of the farm team and the time of a man. Needing some extra provisions' for dinner. I telephoned my meat, man for] four pounds of beefsteak to be sent out by parcel post. The meat was delivered to me by eleven o'clock, with a charge o'f only fourteen cents.

T have come to the conclusion that the parcel post is only of benefit to farmers for small shipments and short distances. For long distances, especially on large packages, express rates are cheaper. But altogether, facilities for shipping are now much better than before we had parcel post.

Inventing is about the most useful

^ and the least profitable business on

•( earth. But the fact remains that peo-

•j pie go right on inventing things, and it

Ij is one of the best things about human

>• nature, that the inventor can't be dis-

f couraged by the uncertainty of his

j, reward.

j He just naturally knows that his idea,

J even if it's only a new suspender-buckle,

5 is going to revolutionize industry and

j make him a fortune. Commonly, he

j plugs away at it till he loses all the

>} money he has, then he wakes up some

j day to discover some other chap mak-

1 ing the profits on his idea and the

Ij work of the best years of his life.

EVERY once in a while you stumble upon something that everybody is agreed about, that is true. To be sure it is the exception. One of the things that is true despite a general agreement about it, is that the Americans are the most ingenious and inventive peo- ple on earth.

A year or more ago there was a vast deal of comment on the fact that the one millionth patent had been issued by this Government. In itself that didn't mean much. Since that time the number of patents has mounted up to about 1,050,000; and despite that some folks think almost everything that could possibly be devised has been covered by letters patent, the fact ' remains that we are going right ahead just as if the field were free.

A Patent Lawyer's Opinion

THE proof about American leadership in patents is the figures. At the time when 990,000 patents had been issued in this country France had issued only 440,000; Great Britain, 425,000; Germany, 228,000; Belgium, 237,000; Canada, 133,- 000. To put it another way, at the time when a million patents had been issued in the United States all the rest of the ■world had issued only about twice as many.

There is not a more interesting division of the government establishment in Wash- ington than the Patent Office; nor one in which a layman can get more promptly or hopelessly muddled. Farm and Fireside's family includes a good many inventors, as is proved by the suggestions of ingeni- ous devices that are constantly appearing in the paper. A number of these have lately asked for information and advice about getting patents, and this letter is written with the purpose of answering some of their questions. I asked a patent lawyer of long experience and unusual candor what he thought about patents in general, and he told me this story :

"One time a man with an invention brought it to me to get it patented. I looked it up and advised him not to do it. It would cost him $60 to start his proceed- ing, and nobody could say how much to finish it ; and the device would be worth nothing anj'how ; it was in a field already occupied ; some of the things ahead of him were better than his ; they had capital and organized business facilities back of them. I told him all about it and urged him not to waste his money. He was immovable. At length I took his money and got the patent pushed up to the point of actual issue; then I begged him once more not to take it out. But he insisted, paid the fee and took it.

"He was seedy, hard up and out at the elbows. I •felt criminal, but forgot it. Three years afterward I was in his town, and he came down to see me, driving to my hotel in a huge auto. He looked ready money all over.

" 'You're the man that started me on the road to fortune,' he said. 'I came to thank you.'

"I gasped and asked him to explain."

" 'Well,' he said, 'you recollect that patent you got for me?'

" 'Yes,' I said, 'I remember it very well.'

" 'And how 3'ou told me it was perfectly worthless ?'

"I remember that too."

" 'Well,' he went on, 'you convinced me that it was worthless ; but you didn't con- vince me that I didn't want it. I took it out, sold it to a man in Illinois for $3,000, and with the money bought a drug-store. The drug-store prospered, and I became a wholesaler. Then I set up. in the patent- medicine business, and now I'm worth half a million dollars. My friend, you

The Inventor and the Patent Game

By Judson C. Welliver

made my fortune, and I'm here to thank you for what you've done for me."

" 'What becaifie of the fellow who paid you the $3,000 for the patent?' I finally managed to ask.

" 'Oh,' he replied, 'he was the sucker. You thought I was, but you were wrong.'

"Now," continued the patent expert, "that story represents the commonest and most effective way of making money out of patents. It may be knocking my own game, but it's the truth."

I have watched the romance and the tragedy of the Patent Office for a number of years, — and the place is full of both. — with the result that I fully concur in this advice. Don't take very seriously any advice that your device has a fortune in it. Don't believe any fairy stories about inventions that the world is crying for. The world may be crying for them ; but if you were a patent expert, and would go through the Patent Office files under- standingly, you would learn that there are probably hundreds of patents outstanding, that are designed to cover the same thing you have thought out. If you looked into them you would find that fo'r one reason or another they had not been successful. Here my patent lawyer friend illustrated again.

"See that umbrella in the corner? I paid eighty-five cents for it. It's a very imperfect affair; turns inside out in a stiff breeze. It will strike you in an instant that the invention of an umbrella that wouldn't do that would be a mine. Yet that invention has been produced time- and again ; it merely happens that in commer- cial practice it isn't a success. If it works, it costs so much that people can't afford it; if it doesn't work, it isn't worth while. The old-fashioned umbrella that turns inside out, at eighty-five cents, is simply the best you can do, considering price, practicability and commercial experience.

"Here's another very alluring field for invention. Everybody knows that in com- bustion most of the potential heat units go to waste. The smoke is all waste. "They'll tell you that story in a way. that will make you imagine you know just what to do to revolutionize all the fuel- burning apparatus, confer a vast benefit on the world, save half the country's fuel- bill, and incidentally make yourself as rich as Rockefeller. Nothing is easier than to write alluring prospectuses for inventions the world needs.

"But if you will look into it you will find that about fifty thousand claims have been filed for devices to do that very trick. Thousands of patents have been taken out. Nobody is going to solve that question except a scientist who is also a skilled mechanic and engineer. It means years of experimentation, costly apparatus, untiring patience and big expenditure. Maybe it will be solved some day. But the casual inventor who rushes into the field with his idea hasn't a ghost of a chance. It would be wicked to advise him to waste time and money on his idea. That's the story of the whole invention field."

Big Business and the Inventor

INVENTION, like almost everything nowadays, is getting syndicated. Great corporations conduct their own labora- tories, hiring experts to work all the time on problems of the business. Suppose a twist in women's fashions brings a new color into vogue. It's very expensive to produce with known dyes. But there's a huge demand for it, and it must be cheap- ened. What happens? In laboratories in half a dozen countries experts in the manufacture of dyes and fabrics will be turned loose on that proposition. They have every facility, know everything al- ready accomplished, and are backed by big money. They go about the business scien- tifically, knowingly. The chances are a thousand to one in favor of their intelli- gent efforts producing the desired result before the outsider can do it.

Whether you are thinking of harvesting machinery, adding machines, shoe-making machinery, sewing machines, cash reg- isters, printing presses, elevators, ink, typewriter improvements, submarine navi- gation, aeroplanes, automobiles or any- thing else, that statement is true. Invention

is getting to be an organized business. It's as much a part of the business of a great corporation, as the shipping room. The romance has been squeezed out of it, practical business methods have been injected into it. We are getting more inventions all the time, and will keep on getting them ; but they're going to be produced mainly in this new and business- like manner.

Suppose, however, that you go ahead and invent something big and worth while ; something the world needs, and that nobody else has been able to pro- duce. What then ?

That question made the patent lawyer's eyes brighten up. He looked around his room, and his eye fell on the desk-tele- phone. He picked it up and said to cen- tral :

"How soon can you get me 5205 Madi- son Square, New York? What? Five minutes? Well, don't bother now, thank you."

Turning back to me, he said : "You remember the little old square box on the wall, that was the only telephone we knew for many years ? It was no good for long-distance work. If you wanted to talk out of town, you must go to the cen- tral office. This instrument here is equally useful for local or long-distance work."

How Patents are Suppressed

"THIS instrument was for years a cry- ing need of the telephone business. At length it was developed, and the tele- phone interests bought the patents. They didn't manufacture it. however. They had millions of the old-style instruments already in use. To bring out the new long-distance one would make the whole public demand the best ; the old ones would be junk in a day. The new inven- tion, therefore, was suppressed, pigeon- holed, kept from the public. After the patents on the old instrument had expired, so that anybody could use it, then the 'phone interests brought out the new im- proved device. Not till then.

"That sort of thing is going on all the time, in all departments of business. The public would be astounded if it knew the marvels of improvement in telephony, telegraphy, in all manner of electrical development, that are ready for use, if only the people in control would not- sup- press them. But they do. They reason that they have great capital invested in the old devices, that would be scrapped if the new were brought out. Why not wear out the old ones first? That's what they do."

The extent to which this is constantly done is almost beyond belief. Our Ameri- can patent laws are bad in this regard. In many countries, the protection which a patent guarantees is withdrawn if the device is not produced and marketed within a certain reasonable time. Our laws do not look after the public's interest in this way, and so the suppression of inventions is possible. Patent monopoly is aided through this weakness of the law. While the theory of the law is that a patent's protection shall expire at the end of seventeen years, yet in practice it is extended indefinitely by holding back devices for improvement, and bringing them out when they will bring the whole' apparatus under the patent on the im- provement.

Nowadays, there is an increasing body of opinion that the theory of the patent laws is all wrong. Students of the subject are insisting that the inventor, or his assigns, ought to be given no monopoly in a patent. 'They would reverse it and pro- vide that the moment a patent is granted it shall be available for use by anybody that wants it. But — and here comes the protection to the inventor — anybody wish- ing to use it would be required to get a license from the patent authorities, and under that agreement he would have to pay royalties, fixed by these same patent authorities, which should go to the in- ventor.

This plan has always appealed to me as the logical one. Patent monopoly would be impossible ; likewise the suppression of patents. The inventor would be assured, at least, of a good deal better chance than he now enjoys, of getting some substan-

This new plan of making the Gov- ernment a sort of trustee for the in- ventor, to safeguard his rights, and at the same time to assure that inventions shall not be monopolized or suppressed, has been put into effect with some modifications in Canada, and I am as- sured is very successful. In all proba- bility it will one day be the rule of the rest of the world.

In most foreign countries of the first commercial importance, they now have laws which require that patents issued to aliens shall be null if the patented invention is not produced in the coun- try within some specified time; some countries name one year, some two.

tial returns on his invention, because the Government would represent him in the matter. As matters stand now, a poor inventor, producing something that a great corporation wants to use, will find that his device has been stolen from him. If he sues for infringement, he will be dragged though interminable litigation. The cor- poration can stand it ; he can't. While the litigation goes on, the corporation is making profits out of the device; the inventor is getting nothing. In the end the inventor will usually be starved into settling on some exceeding modest basis and selling his claims to the rich infringer.

If, after looking into all these and a good many other aspects of the patent gamble, }'-ou persist in wanting to patent something, go and hire a good registered patent lawyer. Don't hire one who adver- tises that he has "unusual facilities" for getting action. He hasn't anything of the sort, and if he claims to have he is prob- ably willing to mislead you as to other things than that. '

Besides paying the lawyer, you must pay, in advance, $15 on filing you applica- tion for a patent; $20 more when an original patent is issued to you. It is per- fectly useless to try to do this business for yourself. By addressing the Com- missioner of Patents, Washington, you can get blank forms for applications, etc. ; but it takes a patent expert to write your application so that it will mean what you want it to mean, no more and no less. You must very specifically explain what you are producing, and exactly what is the new thing on which you want your patent. If you claim too much for your invention, your patent on it is nullified, but by filing an amended claim you may get a reissue, provided your mistake was made without purpose to deceive.

The patent must be issued to the actual inventor. If the inventor has had finan- cial backing in developing it, the patent will nevertheless be issued to them as joint patentees ; but the inventor appears as the inventor. You may take your invention abroad and patent it in other countries before you patent it at home; and this is done very often, for various reasons which relate to the laws of foreign countries. But if, after patenting abroad, you delay more than a year to apply here, you lose your rights.

Patent Literature is Largely a Bait

ABOVE all, don't be misled by patent literature that tells about things that are needed and leads you right up to the point where, with half an eye, you can see just what the knack is that will perfect something and give you a useful invention. That sort of literature is of the "come on" sort, and its purpose is to play you for a sucker. Don't bite. Don't get the notion that you know more about it than a good, honest patent lawyer. Maybe you do, but most inventors don't. There is no known method of wasting money that is surer than following up an invention and fighting everybody and everything that discourages you.

Finally, if you have a good thing don't be discouraged by anything you read here or anywhere else. Investigate, calmly and sanely, and if good, sound, sincere advice backs you up, go ahead. You may make a billion. ^

And remember that in some cases it's possible to patent an infinitesimally little thing and make a huge success of it. The difference between the telephone that would work, and the telephone that pre- ceded it but refused to work, was repre- sented by the turning of one screw one eighth of the way around ! It was patent- able, too, and has made fortunes.

Farm and Fireside, May 10, 1913

Across the Road

By Annie Hamilton Donnell

Author of "Rebecca Mary," "A Very Small Person," etc

) COULD stand all but her everlastin' white I dress !"

Hester Hill's tired and hot face was unbe- ' cominglj- frowned. She thumped rather than I ironed the little blanket on her board.

"I could stand the rockin'-chair, everlastin'ly , rockin', an' I could stand her bein' cool when I'm hot, an' all rested up when here I am , read}' to drop — but, I declare, that nice starched white dress !"

Hester's own dress was a motle3' of faded colors and limply discouraged in its droop about her plump young body.' She could never remember to have worn white since her wedding-daj-, and that dress had long since served as "best" bab}- gowns.

The kitchen seethed with the heat of ironing-day and was savorily a-reek with Christopher's Irish stew — that stew must be ready at stroke o' noon, June or no June, ironin' or no ironin'. Christopher had never eaten a light lunch in his big, hearty existence. Hester was ready, at this moment of wear-and-tear of overtaxed nerves, to swear that Mother Hill gave him Irish stew in his nursing-bottle, strained perhaps, but good and oniony and strong.

"My grief, an' all I want is a cup o' cold tea for my dinner ! Beats all how different people are ! There's Tiniothee woke up — what kind of a nap's that!" She hurriedly returned her iron to the stove and answered the imperative little call. Timothee was alluring and lovely just across from the Island of Naps, but his heavy little body weighted down Hester's arms, and his untimely waking fretted her — how was she to iron and get dinner and do a dozen and one other things with this youngster awake !

"Much you care how wore out Mother is !" she scolded. "I suppose likely you've made up your mind to cut another tooth an' that's why you can't take a Christian length o' nap — my babies always do cut their teeth right in the heart o' summer. There, there, nobody shall scold Mother's boy, no they sha'n't ! Mother won't let 'em I" In a little spurt of remorse she was covering his grieved little face with kisses. Tucked into his high chair. Timothee was given a crust of bread to cut the offending tooth upon, and once more Hester Hill took up her iron. By now it was half-past eleven. She would just smooth out Chrissie's school dress and hurry over Kibbe's blouse and then set the dinner- table — two five minutes from thirty minutes left twenty.

Out of the window, across the little width of yard and the dusty summer road, the New Neighbor rocked on her shaded porch and made a maddening cool, white spot on Hester's fevered retinas. She would not look — and looked.

"Her hired girl'll be out with her dinner first you know, same as yesterday. My grief — hired girl!" In the little township of Old Town there were no maids, but "help" and hired girls. "She'll bring it out on a waiter with a nice white coverin' — something cool an' easy to eat. An' there she'll set an' eat it an' rock an' wear her white dress. An' her neighbors — look at her neighbors !" Helpless wrath seized one trf them, while the other, in his high chair, mumblingly cut his tooth. To Hester Hill that "view" from her window was all but unendurable ; suddenly she saw it red.

At noon came Christopher and a riot of hungry chil- dren from play. " The small hot house rocked with life. Hester flew about frantically, supplying imperative needs. She had no time for even her own cup of cold tea. Her harried nerves set her soul on edge. Chris- topher was moist and red and ate clumsily — she noticed all those things with a keenness of torture, and she saw how thin his hair was growing on top of his head and how he needed shaving. Christopher wasn't handsome, no use pretendin'. An' the children — Chrissie's apron, clean in the morning, was a sight f Look at Kibbe's

elbow, clear through the patch! There never were such children to go right through theii- clothes, or else dirtj' 'em all up.

"Kibbe Hill, stop eatin' so fast 1 Chrissie, i^ou'U have your milk over next minute !"

It was only the little Middle Son, the one be- tween Kibbe and Timo- thee, that Hester Hill's frajed nerves found no fault with. It was that little Middle Son she waited on unscoldingly and uncriticalh". She was never for a moment forgetful of the pitiful iron brace on the lean little leg of Middle Son; though now she could not see it with bodily vision, it was photo- graphed with remorse- less clearness on her * heart.

Christopher Hill scraped back his chair noisily. Fed and a little rested, life took on once more at least the quality of endurance. His point of view with respect to life was always healthily resigned. Christopher could be poor and yet happ5', warm and yet comfortable. Hester, his wife, regarded him with a kind of an.gry wonder. My grief, didn't Chris- topher Hill have any nerves to his name !

" W ell, Christmas is corain' ! It'll be cool enough then," remarked this nerveless creature cheeringly, as he lifted his uncomely length from the chair. "We could tear off the calen- dar up to December, if worst come to worst ! That'd fix it !" He was already well on his way back to the field. Hester stared after him stonil)-. She wished too late that she had asked him not to go out that door an' make a picture of him- self to the New Neighbor on her porch. It was not a picture of even lights and shades : the New Neighbor rocking and wearing her white dress and Christopher in his lank}- jeans.

"She'll know he ain't got much of anj'thing but overalls on. He don't look as if he knew what a necktie Zi.'as.''' Hester's hand went up to her own bare throat, to her tumbled hair, her moist, hot face. She looked no better than Christopher ; they were a pair, she and he. She was suddenb' defiantly glad Chris- topher had gone out tliat door. Let the New Neighbor look ! Hester rose to her feet and went to the door and stood there to be seen. This was the wife of the man who had just gone out of that door and loped around the house to his field. Good chance to see — let anybody look !

It was Hester Hill's thirty-sixth birthda}'. Quee^ how it should just occur to her then, standing there in the doorwaj' to be looked at ! She and Christopher had been married on another birthdaj" of hers more than a dozen years behind them. Thirteen years behind — exactly thirteen. She had forgotten, and Christopher had for- gotten. They had only remembered the heat and dinner and work. It would always be, as it had been so long, just dinners and work and heat or cold. And for her, Hester Plill. because she was a woman, it would be worry and wear, wear and worry, until she wore and worried out. She might as well be sixtj -six this minute !

The noon work and the ironing lasted into the after- noon, and then there was the afternoon work; just time to mend Christopher's coa and Timothee's little in- herited embroidered petticoat descended in a straight line from the first little Hill, and perhaps, by extra diligence, the stocking the Middle Son wore through so continuously with his poor little brace. She would be in great luck if she could get all that done before time to set the table for supper. Of course she ijiight mend out on the porch where it was cooler —

"But I won't," Hester said aloud, her soft lips set in unbecoming lines. "Not with that White Woman watchin' ! She'd crow; needn't tell me! I won't have her pityin' me for my old dresses an' darnin' an' Christo- pher an' the children an' not a minute o' my own. It's bad enough to pity myself!" *

Timothee. established on tlie cool grass within watch of his mother, pulled up blissful fistfuls of grass and rolled about joyously. His shrill little self-communings carried clearly to the New Neighbor across the narrow road; Timothee himself would fain have paid a neigh- borly visit but for his long, hampering skirts. A man may not pick up his skirts and toddle across the street to pay his respects to a lady with' any appearance of dignity. Timothee had his pride.

"She'll see his stockin's are home-made— he will wave his little legs so !" sighed the mother of Timothee, ".\n' it's no manner o' use tryin' to keep shoes on 'em. But I don't care, I'm not goin' to keep Timothee in the house too."

Her thoughts hurried with her nimble fingers, keeping up with them. Since she had bethought herself that this was her birthday, a certain resentment had crept nag- gingly into her head. Why could not Kit have remem- bered, even if she hadn't? He never had any trouble remembering what days his sitting hens came off. nor Grange days, nor how old all his cows were. Was a tiitie when he'd have remembered her day, especially as she was born and married, both, on it. Married to him !

The heat and the wear of continual rush since day- break were as fertilizing aids to Hester Hill's resent- ments. She mfnded on stolidly, but now she could have

wept with self-pity. She longed intensely for so many forbidden luxuries; for leisure and a white dress and a hired girl, a husband who remembered and whose hair was not growing thin on top of his head, a shaved and dressed-up husband who would still be Christopher. She longed to hny little soft new stockings for Timothee instead of cutting down her own for him, she longed with all her soul for a straight and unbraced little le.g for Middle Son.

It was dusk when Christopher Hill came up for the last time that night from his fields and found Hester on the little front porch. At supper he had scarcely seen her, but he saw her now and drew in his breath in a little whistle of surprise. Hester was dressed in white! He could hear the gentle creak of her rocking-chair and could make out no little bundle of Timothee in her arms. None of the children were in sight — Hester, a white Hester, rocking alone ! Then by some strange weaving of thought Christopher remembered. He real- ized what day it was. All the buried tenderness of the man leaped into life.

"Hessie," he called, "Hessie — oh, ^-ou wait, you wait ! I got to shave an' get a collar on, then I'm comin' there an' kiss you ! It's to-day, Hessie ; you remember what that is ? You wait; I'm comin' out there !"

"\\'hy — why, Kit !" She could .get no farther than that in the sudden sweep of emotion at the tone of Christopher's dear voice. It changed the world for Hester Hill. Love and that tone — they went hand in hand. Love and remembering — and this cool, dim end o' da}'. And Christopher going in to shave, and tlie collar and folding one's hands a minute — it was a happy world. Hester sat and rocked and waited, a white Hester, thrilling with life.

"Here I am. Rub that, will you!" presenting in the dimness a smooth cheek and smooth chin. Christopher laughed in her ear. He took her up bodily into his huge, dear arms.

"Feels prett}- fine in her white togs, but somebody feel o' my best coat !"

"Oh, Kit, sh! She might hear; it's my white petticoat on over ! I haven't got a white dress to my name. I waited till too dark to see the difference. And I got all the children to bed and brought the parlor rocker out, just to sit here an' be as good as anybody. Look at her over there an' me over here, an' see if we aren't alike."

"1 don't see anybody but you over here. Hessie, little girl, it's our birthday! Let's go to walk down the road the wav we use to ten years ago."

"Thirteen, Kit."

"Thirteen, then; you take my arm an' walk up snug."

"Christopher Hill, we use to take hold o' hands ! Much you remember !"

"I remember we use to kiss each other in all the dark places. It's dark's a pocket under Higgins's elms, Hess ; come along."

They might have been boy and girl, swinging hands, loitering down the dim road. The white petticoat glinted nervily in the spots of house-lights they passed into and out of on their way. It was a petticoat with- out shame. Hester had forgotten it; she had forgotten the worry and work and that the bread mi.ght not rise, the ironing wasn't done, the children's shoes were wear- ing out. That she had ever been discouraged or envious was not to be believed. Kit's hair wasn't growing thin ! He didnf need shaving. She put up her hand to feel of his chin and cheeks and caressed their smoothness.

"Feelin' round for another kiss?" he gibed ten- derly.

"Yes," she cried brazenly, "I felt a lot, Kit! It's pretty dark right here, isn't it?"

"Dark's a pocket," mumbled Kit, glorying in this new and most astonishing mood of theirs. When had they been young and loverly before? \\'hen had they done an}-thing but mend and cook and farm — eat and sleep and bear children? And here at their hand all the time — just for the taking — was life, sweet and tender and rejuvenating! A sense of hurry came over the man ; there was so much lost time to make up.

They fell by and by in pleasant, prosy talk about "prospects." Odd how what was past and gone slid behind them as indifferent matter for converse to- night— what was now and to come mattered, only that. And odd, too, how prospects brightened. There were going to be. good crops — potatoes, corn, apples. The hay was heavy this year — fine ! Hester's chickens were growing like weeds. Her berries would be plentiful. The children — they had begun with the children and here they were again !

"Kit, say that again about Luther." Luther was Middle Son. "About his little leg."

"It's straightenin', I tell you. He don't limp so much, you know he don't."

"Yes. I know !" she cried eagerly. "I — I think I know. Kit." But it was hope rather than knowledge. "Only I watch him so constant. If somebody'd noticed that warn't always watchin' — "

"\\'ell then. Si Hi.ggins. will he do? Si's noticed. He said only just a day or so ago how our Luther was improvin'."

"How'd he say it. Kit? Can't you remember hozv?"

" 'That boy o' yours ain't goin' to limp much longer' — that's how. Si's a noticin' fellow. 'He'll be good as new before you know it,' Si says. What you got»to say to that, now?"

"Oh, Kit — as good as new ! perfect when he was new- sobbing. "But it won't be sobbed.

It was not a long walk down the quiet road, for there were tne children at home to go back to. And espcciall} there was Timothee. They hurried a little going back. The New Neighbor was still on her porch, rocking in her white dress. They Iiad to pass close to her, but they refused to unclasp hands; they even continued to swing them unashamed. Hester carried her head hi.gh in a sort of pride of joy. She no longer envied. An unexpected, an extraordinary, attitude of mind possessed her, she didn't care a snap for the New Neighbor across the street! Let her see the white petticoat go masquera- ding by as a dress! There was no room in Hester Hil^s soul at this moment for petty vanities — not with Kit swinging her hand and love in the world.

"Sit down out here while I slip in and look at Timo- thee. We won't go to bed yet a while, will we? I'm havin' such a good time. Kit !" But it was already over. She came panting back in a panic. Timothee wasn't tliere not there! [concluded on p.\ge 21]

He was so straight and She broke into a soft 'before I know it'!" she

Our Young Folks' Page

Conducted by Cousin Sally

DEAR COUSINS— The month of kMay is the time for a number of I things. It's the time when all the fathers and big brothers are busiest with the last of the spring plant- ing, and" the mothers are rushing around, tr\ang to get the meals ready and all the extra housework finished, and it's the time for all my little cousins to start clubs. There is so much fun for boys and girls this time of year, and there is so much they can learn, besides the splendid chance to earn money; and if a lot of boys and girls get together they can do all these things so much better than one alone.

If you want to start a pleasure club plan it so that you can give someone else pleasure as well as yourselves. The club could have a picnic once a week, and each time some poor little boy or girl, who is not so fortunate as you, could be asked along, to share the joyous day and the goodies of the lunch-basket. Of course my little cousins would treat the visitor just as well as they know how, in that way learning little lessons of courtesy, besides having the happiness of making another happy.

If the club is for study, there is no better subject than butterflies. You can catch them, study their colorings and a lot of other interesting things. Last fall a yellow butterfly flew into the room of a friend of mine and stayed there. She wanted to feed it, but did not know what. She tried honey and flowers, but the but- terfly would not touch them. Then she

tried water sweetened with sugar, "for," she thought, "every living creature wants a drink." The butterfly took a drink of it, and did so once a month all winter, and when the spring came it flew out into the bright sunshine.

The members of a club formed to earn money would have no end of opportu- nities, for there is no place like the coun- try for that. There are chickens and the garden patch upon which you can grow things to sell, there are the berries and ever so many things. Three of my little cousins formed themselves into a money- earfting club last year, and each morning they went a-berrying, coming home about noon with heaping baskets of juicy fruit. These they took to the village, and each day each of those boys was seventy-five cents richer.

A club of girls could gather flowers, put them in pretty bunches, and let the boys sell them in the village. The boys might take orders for wild flowers to be deliv- ered when their customers wanted to decorate the table or house for company, and the boys and girls could pick them together, bringing them in fresh with dew on the day they were needed.

So you see, there are a lot of things you can do, for fun, for study, for wealth. Form your club, and write to me about it : or if you do not know how to form it write to me. and I will tell you. I want to know what all my little cousins are doing. Lovingly,

Cousin Sally.

The New Little Red Riding Hood

By Arnot Chester

QHILDREN, what would you think of being killed and eaten up by a wild beast in the very heart of New York City? This almost happened to a little girl named Dolly Root, not many years ago !

Dolly's father had a friend who was a sea-captain, and on one of his trips he brought home with him a wee little tiger cub. This tiny tiger baby was as playful as a kitten, and it was such a pretty, graceful little creature that the captain gave it to Mr. Root as a pet for his little girls, Milly and Dolly. The children were delighted with their new playfellow, and they cuddled it and romped with it just as if it had been a really, truly kitty.

When it first came the cub was scarcely two months old, and so good and gentle that nobody dreamed of being afraid of it any more than of a pet dog or cat. But as it began to get older, Empress, as the little girls named it, would sometimes grow cross and restive, and at last Mr. Root decided it might be better to send the cub to a Zoo where it couldn't do any harm to anyone. But he didn't really think there was any danger, so Empress was still allowed to run about the house like a tame cat.

On a certain bright afternoon in early spring Mrs. Root took Milly out for a walk. Little Dolly begged hard to go too, but sTie was just getting over a bad cold, so her mother was afraid to take her along for, although the sun shone brightly, the wind was high and cold.

"No, dear, not this time," Mrs. Root said, giving Dolly a kiss, "by next Satur- dav vou will be quite well again, I hope, and then we will all go together. Now let

cheerful, and waved her hand with a smile to Mother and Milly, when they looked up at the window a minute afterward from the street.

For a half-hour or so all was quiet in the house. Then, suddenly, a terrified scream rang out, and throwing down his paper Mr. Root sprang to his feet and, without waiting even to snatch up a stick, rushed into the kitchen, for he recognized Dolly's voice, and he remembered that she and Empress were in there alone together. As he entered the room he saw that he was not one moment too soon. In a cor- ner poor little Dolly sat screaming in terror, and in front of her crouched the cat, snarling ferociously, her tail swishing and her lips drawn back from her cruel teeth. She seemed in the very act of springing upon trembling, helpless little Dolly. Mr. Root ran forward and kicked the cub in the head with all his strength. The blow sent it over, and as it fell he shouted to Dolly to run. Like a flash the cat was on its feet again, now thor- oughly enraged and lashing its tail in fury. Again and again Mr. Root knocked the beast over, and he was beginning to won- der how much longer he would be able to defend himself in this way, when his eye fell on the gas-range, and a happy thought struck him. Throwing the oven- door wide open, he boldly snatched up the struggling, snarling cub, in spite of its

Mother see what a brave, good girl her little Dolly can be ! Daddy is at home you know, so you won't be left alone in the house. Have a nice game in the kitchen with Empress, and when you get tired of playing go into the dining-room where Father is reading, and amuse yourself quietly with your new story-book until we get back."

Dolly was very, very disappointed, for she did dearly love going for a walk with Mother. But she tried her best to look

clawing and beating at his hands so sav- agely that he could have cried out with the pain, and thrust it bodily into the oven. Then he slammed to the door, and holding the knob firmly with one hand, turned on the gas full blast with the other. The furious beast inside made a frantic effort to escape, but Mr. Root held the door, and the sounds grew less and less, and by and by stopped altogether. But not until Mr. Root was perfectly sure the gas had suff^ocated the cub did he let go his hold upon the door, and comfort little Dolly with the assurance that her savage playfellow could n^ver hurt her again !

The Power of Silent Service

If the crowd on the stock ex- change kept quiet and let one man talk, that man could be heard in every corner of the room. But the shouting members produce a com- posite of sound, so that no one trader is understood except by a small group around a particular trading post.

If everyone were able to shout twice as loud, the result would be only a greater noise, and less intelligible.

For communication to be univer- sal there must be silent transmis- sion. In a noisy stock exchange where the voice, unaided, cannot be understood across the room, there are hundreds of telephones which carry speech half way across the continent. ♦

The telephone converts the spoken words into silent elec- trical impulses.

In a single Bell telephone cable, a hundred conversations can be carried side by side without inter- ference, and then distributed to as many different cities and towns throughout the land. Each conver- sation is led through a system of wire pathways to its proper desti- nation, and whispers its message into a waiting ear.

Silent transmission and the in- terconnecting lines of the Bell System are indispensable for uni- versal telephone service.

Without such service, our cities would be slow of speech and tlie States would be less closely knit together.

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FARM AND FIRESIDE Agents' Department Springfield. Ohio