WEEDING ONIONS

Manuf iictured by H.

Will «lo the work of ton men. Q. BRTJNEE. Olinda. Ont.

$3S TO $75 A WEEK INCOME.

New invention. Scrubs, takes up w.iter. ^ No wrinEring. no cL'tlis. ll?^s work. Big sales — l>iK pro- . fits. Exclusive territory. Write todav. Spccialtormfi.

rPIRRUNG MFG. CO., Dept. 262. Chicaeof III.

BO-UTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET about Delaware, tht- Statt- of I uscioiit* fruits and of iiloa! homes. Address State Board of Agriculture, Dover. Delaware.

Death to Heaves

" (»uiir:»iitw<i or MoD«.*y Back." Cou;;lis. UiiiU-Miiivr. Iud)go8tiOD.

NEWTON's?:':v»r„":

At drnK^lsts' or seiil ptMtpuld. ■EWTOB lEHCiir CO.,IOL£DO,OHIt

The School of Veterinary Medicine

At the University of Pennsylvania

trains studentj^ lu liil lines of vetcrlitary work. Facilities unexcelled. For catalogue, address Louis A Klein, Dean, Dept. B. 39th and Woodland Ave., Philadelphia.

K«opB flics ftQd othar '. ■ ' insect iMJsts ofT of aniniats — in born or pasture— Ion per than any iiiiitation. Used ninl 9n<)(>r9od since ISSS by Icii.linp dmrynifn .indfarniem.

$1 WORTH SAVES$20.00

in milk and flosh on each cow in » sinncle ecaaon. Ilo&la I sorea, stops itching and pre- vents Infection. Nothing bettor for gftlli. KiUs lice aJid

niilos in poultry house*.

C CMfS C 1 if vr>ur dealer ran t supply' you . We'll

OCINL' ^if gend enoutcb Shoo-Fly to protect 200 cowB.also our 3-tube j^ravity sprayer with- out extra charge. Sl<ui^»v hai-K if not milisfoctory. Name Eipress onicfl. Booklet PREK, .Special terms to n^eaU.

ShM-Fly Mfg. C0.. Dept. X. 1310 N. 10th St. PbOadelpkia

I Live Stock and Dairy I

A Self -Spreading Gambrel

By Percy A. Hilts

'HOSE who use old wood gambrelsknow how disagreeable it is to keep more than one size, or have a large gambrel and a small hog, or vice versa. This causes trouble, and often the animals slip off.

The following gambrel is made of iron 1}^ by Yi inches. It is easy to make, and is adjusted to all sizes of animals by moving the hooks. VI! the materials necessary are : 2 pieces of 3ron by by 21 inches, 1 piece of iron V/i by by 24 inches, 2 pieces of chain ^6 inches long, 3 bolts, 2 rivets and 2 hooks. The illustrations show how the gambrel is but together.

Brood-Sows— What Not to Feed Them

By J. S. Underwood

ANY fine litters of pigs are lost, es- pecially at the time when some farmers want to be particularly good to their brood- sows by giving them too much feed the first three days after farrowing. The experienced brood-sow. should she be allowed to have her own way pretty largely at that period and if given the range of the farm, will pre- pare her bed carefully on the south side of the hill or with some other protection from 'the northwest winds. If possible she will make her bed near a spring or slough.

When to Avoid Heating Foods

She will eat nothing the first day. The second day she will probably go to the spring and take a drink. The third day she may be looked for to come home bringing her pigs with her with pardonable pride and will usually bring a full, healthy litter. It is not always prudent to give the brood-sow this liberty, especially the highly bred sow or the young sow that is expected to farrow her first litter. By studying nature we can provide better quarters than nature will fur- nish, can take advantage of the instinctive wisdom of the brood-sow and also of the wisdom of man. Upon one point, however, nature is inexorable, the brood-sow must not ■ be fed heating food the first three daj's after farrowing. To do so is to invite caked udder or what is known as milk-fevej and kill the pigs.

Feed for Milk — Not for Meat

The first day I give nothing but water, the second day I stir a little bran in it, the third day a little bran and oats are added, the fourth day I add a little corn, but the sow is never allowed a full feed of corn for a week or ten days. There is no trouble in giving bran or shorts or ground rye or bar- ley in the form of slop. In other words, the brood-sow with a young litter of pigs should have a dairy cow's ration.

She should be fed for milk production and not for meat. It is well to remember that for the first three days after farrowing the system is in a feverish condition, and that in fever there is no appetite. Therefore, to encourage a sow to eat food such as corn is to invite disaster. I never give sour milk to a brood-sow with a young litter of pigs, as it will cause scouring and ruin the pros- pects of the litter.

Scratches, Grease and Grease- Heel

By Dr. A. S. Alexander

pVERY reader knows well from experience ■ that constant washing with soap and hot water and failure to perfectly dry the skin in cold weather commonly causes chapped hands. "Scratches" in horses is often caused in the same way. White fetlocks and pasterns most readily become soiled ; there- fore, they are most often washed by the attendant, who then seldom dries the skin perfectly. Inflammation of the skin (ery- thema) results, and after a time cracks and sores form as the horse is worked. The white skin -is not especially tender. That is the general but somewhat erroneous belief. It is the washing and lack of drying that cause most cases of scratches. Others come from wetting of the skin by rain, snow, slush or mud.

Dry with Sawdust

When the horse comes into the stable with wet, muddy legs, let the mud dry in place; then rub and brush it away. If washing must be done, afterward dry the skin per- fectly by rubbing with fine sawdust. It is best not to wash the horse's legs from November to May. Allowing a horse to stand in a cold draft in the stable is also likely to induce scratches, and especially so if the legs are wet. Grease and <rrea=e-heel are aggravated skin troubles of the fetlock.

pasterns and heels. They commonly affect heavy draft-horses ill-treated in the manner suggested above. Cleanliness and abundant work or exercise make them uncommon ail- ments.

Medicinal treatment will fail, unless all contributive causes are absolutely removed. In simple scratches do not wash the parts. They may be poulticed for a few days with hot flaxseed-meal ; then wash off, dry thor- oughly, and twice daily apply an ointment composed of four parts of sulphur, two of spirits of camphor or compound tincture of benzoin and eight parts of lanolin, lard, vaseline or petrolatum. In old chronic cases, where the skin of the heels is thick, hairless, calloused and cracked, cleanse thoroughly, and blister with cerate of cantharides to remove the unhealthy scarf-skin. Wash off the blister in two days, then apply the sulphur ointment twice daily.

Keep the Horse Outdoors

Benzoated oxid of zinc ointment also is effective in scratches, as is a mixture of one dram each of boric acid, iodoform and com- pound tincture of benzoin to an ounce of glycerin. In grease and grease-heel there is a bad-smelling discharge from the sores, cracks and growths of the affected skin.

The horse in such cases should be made to live an outdoor life on grass in summer and on a diet of roots, corn-fodder and mixed hay in winter. The most stubborn of chronic cases have been perfectly cured by this means. Local treatment consists in removal of the red grapelike growths present on the skin of the fetlocks and pasterns, and then wetting the skin with a 1/500 solution of corrosive sublimate once daily and after- ward dusting thoroughly with a mixture of equal parts of calomel, boric acid and iodo- form.

Or, the leg may be cleansed by applying for a few days hot flaxseed-meal poultices, in each of which has been mixed a few tablespoonfuls of powdered wood charcoal and two drams of carbolic acid, lysol or coal-tar dip. After treatment consists in using the corrosive-sublimate solution every other day and twice daily applying a lotion of two ounces of sulphate of zinc in a pint of water. Good results have also come from persistent use of a weak solution of con- centrated lye.

Roots — The Confection for Live Stock

By John P. Ross 'T'HE philosopher who condensed a great idea into the homely phrase, "When you see a good thing push it along," was of course an American. No other people under the sun are as enthusiastic as we are in following the great unknown's advice. The only drawback from its value is that some- times we allow our zeal in following it to slop over.

We are too prone to forget too, in our admiration of the new stone bridge, how the old wooden, covered-in concern used to carry our old gran'dad and even our superior selves safely over.

All this is intended as a prelude to the thought that, though silage and alfalfa are most admirable foods for live stock, there are still virtues in roots. Change of diet is as necessary for the beasts of the field as for us humans ; and though turnips, mangels, beets, and the like, seem but poor stuff com- pared with alfalfa, when viewed by the light of chemical analysis, yet when put before cows or sheep they will often leave the former to indulge in a perfect debauch on the roots.

A Health Food for Live Stock

A curious thing about it. too, is that this change to the apparently less nutritious diet will frequently result in a marked improve- ment in the animal's health and appetite and consequently in the rapidity of ripening.

The following table gives the results of the above analysis above referred to. It is taken from the United States Department of Agriculture's "Analyses of the Composi- tion of Food-Stuffs."

A study of this table would serve to show that sheep are not scientific judges of the feeding value of the good things provided for them, but nature has built them that way, so the best we can do is to grow a few roots for them, since they seem to regard them as a sort of succulent confection. A

Feeding Stuff

Nitrogen Free Extract

Alfalfa at

stages (av-

erage) . . .

Turnips (av-

erage) . . .

Rutabagas . .

Sugar-beets .

Red Beets . .

Carrots ....

couple of acres will be enough for a few cattle and a nice little flock of sheep. They are easily grown and very productive.

Milking-Machines in Arizona

[continued from page 4]

tortured by the operation. If one can judge by the placid way these cows chewed their cud and the fact that not one of them showed the faintest trace of discontent or uneasiness, this objection is utterly un- founded. Mr. Davisson stated that he had had two or three cases where the teats had been badly cut by fence-wire, and he was able to remove the milk with the machine where it would have been an utter impossi- bility to do so by hand.

The Cows Suffered no Discomfort

5. Condition of the Teats — The writer examined the teats of every cow before the milking was begun, immediately after the cups were removed and again at the end of an hour and could find not the slightest trace of soreness or abrasion.

As to the vital points of prime cost and maintenance. Mr. Davisson produced the following figures :

Total cost of engine, tank, gages, piping and milking attachments installed, $700.

Gasolene per month (at 25^ cents per gallon), $6.50 to $7. The same engine runs the separator and does considerable water- pumping. About $5 per month would rep- resent milking cost.

The depreciation on this milking outfit is hard to estimate, as it is but three years old. The engine is good for twenty years more; the piping, tank and gages will last indefinitely, and the milking apparatus proper has, as yet, shown no need of repairs other than washer renewals. On the basis of its lasting seven years there would be a depreciation charge of less than $30 per year on the entire plant.

What it Costs to Milk Cows by Machinery

Notice the economy of operation. One man milks thirty-two cows in an hour. He would' require from three to four hours to do it by hand. Looking at it another way he will milk one hundred cows in the same time he milks thirty by hand. Last year's repairs were exactly $4.15, and the year before, $4.80.

Tabulated, the annual charges are thus :

Interest on investment, @ 7% $49

Annual repairs 5

Annual depreciation 30

Gasolene, at $5 per month 60

Total $144

To which must be added three hours per day of labor.

A final word as to the cleansing of the apparatus after use. The milker is at- tached to a convenient outlet, and the cups plunged into a tank of cold water. After this is sucked through, scalding water is substituted and sucked through the appa-, ratus. Then the receiving-pails are thor- oughly scalded and rinsed. The cups and the rubber tubing are placed in weak brine, where they remain till the next milking. This entire operation takes about fifteen minutes.

All in all, this inspection thoroughly con- vinced the writer of the practicability, cheapness, cleanliness and efficiency of the machines. Add to this that the engine is available for other uses, and it would seem a good investment for any careful and me- chanically inclined dairyman with fifteen cows or over.

For the Separator-Room

By Mrs. H. D. KrabiU

E HAVE a home-made con- trivance to use in our separator-room which we think a great muscle-saver. It is a chain sus- pended from the rafter, with an iron hook on the end to hold the strainer full of milk, so that no weight rests on one's arms. A child can tip the strainer slightly and strain the milk into the separator supply-can.

Be Your Own Judge

We cannot believe that there is a sen.sible man living who would pur- chase any other than a DE LAVAL Cream Separator for his own use if he would but SEE and TRY an improved DE LAVAL machine before buying. It is a fact that 99% of all sepa- rator buyers who do SEE and TRY a DE LAVAL machine before buying purchase the DE LAVAL and will have no other separator. The 1% who do not buy the DE LAVAL are those who allow them- selves to be influ- enced by something other than real genuine separator merit.

Every responsible person who wishes it may have the Free Trial of a DE LAVAL machine at his own home without advance pay- ment or any obligation whatsoever. Simply ask the DE LAVAL agent in yoiu- nearest town or write direct to the nearest DE LAVAL office.

The new 72-page De Laval Dairy Hand Book, in which important dairy questions are ably discussed by the best authorities, is a book that every cow owner should have. Mailed free upon request if you mention this paper. New 1913 De Laval catalog also mailed upon request. Write to nearest office.

THEDELAVALSEPARATORCO.

165 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

29 E. MADISON ST., CHICAGO

That's the only kind ol fence it paystobuy. Get our new book, convincing proof of quality and sensationalnew low prices.

EMPIRE FENCE

s sold directf rem factory, freight prepaid — 23 styles to choose from — for all purposes. Write us apostal nowforoffer.

Bond Steel Post Co. 42 e. Mmnae st. Adrian. Mich.

UWN FENCE

Many designs. Cheap as wood. 32 pag'e Catalogue free. Specia I Prices to CliTirclies and Cemeteries Coiled Spring Fence Go. Box 403 •Winchester Ind.

VIRGINIA FARMS AND TIMBER LANDS

Improved and unimproved. S5.00 an acre and up. Eidk land, heavy crops, healthy climate, happy farmers. Colonial homes. Catalogue free-

B. T. WATK1N8 k CO., 28 North Xinth 8treet, Richmond^ Ta,

AND up. WARD