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Farm and Fireside, June 7, 1913

By T. Greiner

Mrs. Modelfarm — "Well, Anty Drudge, now tell me -what you think of our farm, and the way we do our work? You see I always keep plenty of Fels-Naptha Soap on hand!"

Anty Drudge — ^"I never saw a finer, better-kept farm. Every- thing is so prosperous looking. But I'd expect no less of a sen- sible woman like you. Your home looks like a Fels-Naptha Home always looks!"

Every woman who wants to feel well, and look young, should use Fels-Naptha Soap. It saves half the labor of housekeeping. Does the work in less than half the time, and bet- ter than it was ever done before.

Fels-Naptha Soap does the best work in cool or lukewarm water, without hard rubbing and scrub- bing. It cuts grease, makes clothes white and sweet, china and glassware glisten, and pots and pans shine.

Follow the directions on the Bed and Green Wrapper.

FeU & Co., Philadelphia.

■t^tiii ^^yvv^ }*v*v^*Y*. r^^^^

Better Potatoes

CAN we get better potatoes? Yes. and more of them too. And there is no greiit secret about the ways and means of getting them. To grow potatoes of highest quality and high percentage of starch contents, we must select high-quality varieties, and by care and culture give them normal development up to full maturity. This means that the soil must contain all the elements of plant-food in the required amounts and proportions ; that the foliage must be protected from injury by insects and diseases, and that the tubers are al- lowed to come to full maturity before they are dug. Varieties differ greatly in point of quality. Early Ohio and its offspring, Ohio. Jr.. Beauty of Hebron, and especially Free- man, are among our standard sorts of high quality. I know of none better in that re- spect than the last mentioned, and usually plant a patch of this so as to have an ideal baking potiito. The Ohio is also a much better potato than most of our later stand- ard sorts. It is one of the earliest, yet one of the best keepers.

The most potent factors in determining the yield of potatoes. I believe, are the sea- son with its sunshine and rains and its varying temperatures during the period of growth, things beyond our control, and then a lot of things we can control, namely : the soil conditions, the proper condition of the seed-tubers, the size of the seed-pieces, the thoroughness with which the growing crop is attended to by the grower from planting-time to harvest and. finally, the selection of a heavy -yielding variety or strain.

The most important point, however, has yet to be mentioned. It is not particularly a new point either. The late and lamented Professor Goff. who had made a name for himself while horticulturist of the New York State Experiment Station ( Geneva ), found that he could greatly increase the productiveness of any potato variety by continuously selecting the best yielding hills for seed. Any grower, without making any other change in his methods or management, can within a few years' time increase his annual potato yields fifty per cent, by growing a patch of potatoes purposely for seed, picking out and storing for seed, in proper manner, all the hills that give a nice, even lot of tubers and the heaviest yields, and discarding all others. I have for some years grown my Early Ohio seed-potatoes in this way. and now also started in with the" Freeman. This "pedigree" seed is surely giving a better yield, and decidedly a more even-sized lot <)t tubers, few if any small ones being among them. The size of the individual tubers is much influenced by the size of the piece that was used for seed, or by the resulting number of sprouts. We can raise larger tubers if we allow only one stalk to grow, and consequently but few tubers to set, than if we have a dozen stalks and several dozen potatoes set on them.

Every reader of the Farm axd FiRESmE who grows potatoes, even if only for home use. should put this matter to the test. Think of this when you harvest your early potatoes in .July or August. When you dig up a nice hill that gives an extra heav.v yield of nice, smooth potatoes, nearly of even size, put them aside or gather them up separately as you dig them, and store tliem in shallow crates, properly labeled, to make sure that you will have them in best condi- tion for planting when spring comes around again. Thus you will raise three bushels in future where otherwise you would raise two. And if you will thus save only a half- dozen hills you will get a start, a start in a new and right direction, and added inter- est in your garden and potato-patch.

From the Strawberry-Patch

To have a full supply of the strawberry, this most lusciou.s of all fruits, during the entire season, and year after year, in fact all the family may want, is an achievement well worth considerable effort It is some- times practicable to run a bed for more than one fruiting s<'ason. With the Oaud.v, a late and often profitable variety, although

here one of the poorest of all for canning, it is often advisable to fruit this old patch a second time, as the second crop may be better than the first. Under ordinary con- ditions, however, the right thing to do is to set a new bed every spring. It is hard work, almost impossible sometimes, to re- claim an old strawberry-patch that has once been allowed to become overrun with weeds. A hundred good plants set in spring and properl.v fciken care of will give you your full supply, and possibly more. A comer in the home garden will be a good spot for it. and used thus to better advan- tage than if planted to potatoes or cabbages. A neighbor last year had a bed consisting of five rows, the rows four feet apart and about twenty feet long, making about one one-hundredth part of an acre. The plants had been set early and allowed to make runners enough to nearly cover the entire ground, only foot-wide paths being left clear between the rows for convenience in picking. When I examined this bed toward end of the fruiting season more than a hundred quarts of berries had already been picked, the rate of yield greatly exceeding ten thousand quarts per acre. Of course there was not a weed to be seen in the patch. It is easy enough to keep the weeds out of a small patch in the home garden. The weeding can be done at odd spells, but must be attended to in time. It is very satisfactory and a source of mudi pleasure to have such a weedless. attractive straw- berry-patch in one's garden.

Getting Enough Plants

Perhaps you have neglected to plant that patch this spring. Last year I had neg- lected to plant as many as I desired to have. I would have been a little shy of berries this year. So at the end -of the fruiting season and as the runners began to start on a young plantation I filled pots and paper plant-boxes with nice, fibi-ous loam and sunk them into the ground near the older strawberry-plants in suitable spots to layer the first runners. The patch was given a good watering from the hose connected with the hydrant, and the runners took good hold of the rich soil and soon filled the pots or boxes with thrifty roots. At a favorable time the plants were taken up and planted in a new bed in the garden. I set them about a foot apart, the rows being the usual width of four feet apart Most of these plants produced new runners ; but the old plants themselves have made a wonderful growth th'3 spring and are well loaded with fruit-stalks, blossoms and fruit. I am not expecting the quantity of berries that I could and would get from plants set in spring. But the berries are immense in size, and the patch was easily kept free from weed growth. A heavy mulch of coarse litter (mostly marsh-hay. the very best material for that purpose) covers the ground all around the plants. The variety is Brandywine, one of the best for our strong loams, a large berry of good qualit.v, not bad for canning either. It is easily recognized by its unusually large calyx. We always pick it with the stem, as the core pulls out easily, leaving a hollow spot in- side the berry. This variety is a free plant- maker.

I still have the old WUson. It is grown to some extent for market in this vicinity. Many of the professional strawberry-plant growers do not even mention it in their catalogues and price-lists. Yet it has never been surpassed, that I know of, as a canning berry. Ask the good housewife about it. She will tell you : "Give me the Wilson." But Brandywine, Ozark, Senator Dunlap and a host of others are better table berries than the Wilson.

Everbearing and Fall-Bearing Strawberries

For 8ome years I grew a little patch of the Alpine bush-strawberry because it seemed pleasant to have, now and then, late in July and during August, a cupful or two of the spicy, wild-flavored, high-colored, elougate<l little berries, luscious to eat at that unusual time with a dash of sugar and some gtxK] cream. I also tried the several French "overbearing" varieties catalogued by some of our seeflsnien. But I have given them all up. including the Alpine. The yield of fruit is so light that this type of strawberry might almost be called "never- bearing." But we now have real fall-bear- ing sorts : the Americus, Superb and Model. They are no gcMxl for June bearing, however.

Lowest Pricel

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Lice Murder Chicks j

check laying, stuut growtji. niin | the pUiniaee. torture the hens.

PRATTS LICE KILLER (Powdere<l) murders lice and so | insures greater profits. 25C soc Guaranteed. Pnitts 160- pace I'Oultry book 10c by mail. Get Pratts Profit-sharing Booklet

At all dealers, or PRATT FOOD COMPANY Philadelphia Chicago

I ll*C if II I CD Llcecil, stTOnBest LibC niLLLn lice kiMlne com- pound made. Works like iiiaeic. Sitnply put afewdrops in netits and lianf! bottle In coop. Powerlulevaporating vapons eo into feathers, cracks and crevices. IJo paintlne. spraying or dusting. Easy to use. Circular free. Pouna bottle prepaid 51c. Monevback 1 f it fails. Agents wanted W. H.MetzgerCo.. Mo. 3S, Quincy, III.

Use L.ane's Steel Wagon Jack

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$1.00 bill. Lane Bros. Co., Lincoln' Ave., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

BliAUTIlTLLY ILLIJSTKATKI) KOOKLKT about DelnwHre, the State of hi^*ciims fruits and of ideal hi^mee. Address State Board of Agriciilt ure. Dover. Uelavvaro,

EES for the FARM

No«d little ati«ntion and i>ay big pruAts. If yon are iDt«reBt«<l in thorn send for nsaiiiplecopy^ifOlean- iiK'!! in Bcc t^dtuie Also n 1k'« supply cntaK.);.

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/f is to yoar advantage to mention Farm and Fire- side in writing to advertisers. Farm and Fireside totks get the very best attention.

Let JMe Peiy the Postetge

n Phelps' 1913 Split Hickory Book

I'htlps' new book is a wonder. Grandest buejry salesman ever sent out — biinrest money saver you ever saw. Takes the place of dealers, jobbers, trawlers and otbcr miUdJe- y men. Shows more fine buKEies. surries. phaetons, carriascs, runabouts, carts, spring waeons and hnrncss, than you can find in 25 retail dealers stores and quotes lower prices than they pay even when buyine In car-load lots for spot cash.

Pros-cs by actual photographs, that Split Hrchory quality is years ahead.

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My 1913 prices save you $25 to $40 on just the vehicle you want. Let my book proTe it to jrou. H. C. PHELPS

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Live Stock and Dairy

Practical Lamb Nursery

By M. Duckett, Jr.

F THE shepherd has a weak or an orphan lamb that must be raised from the bot- tle, and neither he nor his wife have the time to feed it, a simple way to overcome the diffi- culty is to make a box eighteen inches wide, two feet high and two feet long. In one corner of box put a shelf inclined at an angle of thirty degrees, and to this tack a can about an inch larger in diameter than the bottle you feed lamb out of.

Tack a stout cord to one end of shelf !!nd have a loop in the other end of cord. Put bottle inside of can. give c-ord one turn around neck of bottle, and fasten loop in cord over a nail at other end of shelf. The liimb will do the rest.

This bos also comes handy for a sick hen or pig. and kept near the kitchen door will be found useful for many purposes.

Teasing the Horse

By C. E. Davis "TX) TEASE any animal is unvdse, and even dangerous. Animals never forget. You have doubtless read the story of the "Pope's mule." that laid up a kick for seven years until her tormentor returned, and then the buifet was so-o-o terrible that they saw the smoke of it from afar.

I know of two little boys and an old fsimily mare, not an unusual combination on most farms. This old mare has often been teased by one little boy, and when he comes near she lays back her ears, and with flashing eyes and snapping teeth tries to get at him. Some time when he is off guard perhaps the chance will come, and who knows what will happen?

The other lad always petted and played with the old mare and talked to her, and she will come to him and follow him about anywhere. When she is hitched up he can drive her any plac-e, and she obeys every word he says. But he never teased her, and she shows her gratitude in her only way.

Teasing Ruins an Animal's Disposition

Teasing colts, horses or other dumb ani- mals shows a streak of hidden meanness and should not be permitted. It also spoils the disposition of the animal ; and it would be utterly useless for them in after years to try to do anything with the embittered animal and expect entire success. Brute force may compel obedience for a time, but how much better to have them act from motives of affection rather than fear.

destroy these worms a mixture of two parts of salt and one part each of sulphur and dried sulphate of iron may be given in tablespoonful doses night and morning in dampened feed to an adult horse for a period of one week ; then skip ten days, and repeat. The medicine is repeated to kill the fresh brood of worms which hatches from eggs in the intestines. For a preg- nant mare omit the iron and increase the other ingredients. Iron tends to cause abortion.

The "Blood" Worm is Most Injurious

The most injurious worm, and one little understood by farmers, is known as the "blood" worm or "palisade" worm (Schle- rostoma equinum and <Sf. tetracantlium). It is a minute, blood-red and blood-sucking worm which attacks the lining membranes of the intestines and also the blood-vessels (mesenteric artery, etc.). causing dilata- tions (aneurisms) of their walls.

These worms mostly infest young, grow- ing colts grazing on old, contaminated or low, wet pastures. They sap the life-blood, and the colt becomes weak, thin, "pot- bellied," wobbly, bloodless and lifeless. The membranes of the eyelids, nose and mouth will be found blanched ( pale ) . The badly infested colt generally succumbs and may die from rupture of a blood-vessel. The recovered adult horse having aneurisms is subject to periodic colic. There is no satisfactory treatment.

Colts should graze on new, clean pasture and at all times be generously fed. As a preventive they should have free access to rock salt and to a mixture of equal parts of dried sulphate of iron, sulphur and ground gentian root made palatable by addition of salt.

Cause of Lolling Tongue

By Dan Sidenstick T NOTICED in a recent issue of Faem * AND FiBESiDE that a Colorado reader desired to know if there is a remedy for lolling tongue. Few people know the cause. I gave two dollars and fifty cents to have my horse cured. The cause is this : The molar, or jaw, teeth become sharp and irri- tate the side of the mouth. Sometimes the flesh is lacerated. The mouth becomes hot, and the horse puts the tongue out to get relief from pain.

The cure is : take your horse to some good veterinarian, have the molar teeth filed down smooth and even, and have him give you some healing wash to swab the mouth untU the sore places heal.

If properly done, and the mouth becomes healed, you need not fear that the horse will loU the tongue. The so-called "lolling bits" ai-e a waste of money, as their effect is only temporary.

Medicine-Chest for the Barn

By Paul H. Ruess

Worms in Horses

By Dr. A. S. Alexander

'T'HE presence of worms in horses always means contamination of water, hay, grass or other feed by the manure of horses harboring worms. Dirty watering-troughs, feed-boxes, mangers, stall floors and old horse-pastures, marsh-hay and low, wet grazing-grounds are the common sources of intestinal worms.

Bots are the grubs (larvse) of the horse bot-fly (Gasterophilus equi and G. hcrmor- rhoiddlisj . The eggs are deposited upon the legs and chest of the horse and taken into the mouth and stomach. The bots do comparatively little harm, do not cause colic, do not rupture or "eat through" the wnlls of the the stomach and cannot be killed by medicine. Any drug strong enough to kill bots in the stomach also will kill the horse. Bots pass out of the body when hor-ses are on grass in summer.

The variety known as G. hccmorrhoidalis is pink in color, sometimes hooks onto the lining membrane of the rectum when leav- ing the body, and when that occurs may set up irritation and possibly colicky pains. Rectal injections of soapy warm water and tobac-co decoction, or tea of quassia chips will speedily end this trouble. Short white pin-worms occupy the rectum, set up irrita- tion and so induce pawing, stamping and rubbing of the root of the tail. The injec- tions just mentioned are effective for the destruction of these worms also. Medicinal treatment is not needed.

Symptoms of the Ascaris Worm

The most common worm of the adult horse is known as Ascaris mega2ocepliala and is white in color, eight or more inches long, round and tapering at each end. If present in large numbers they cause indi- gestion and malassirailation of feed, char- acterized by yawning ; harsh, staring coat ; tight, dry hide (hidebound) ; depraved ap- petite ; licking of lime, earth and walls ; eating soiled bedding, wood and other "for- eign objects," and presence of a fur of scaly substance around the rectum. To

pVERY farmer

should have one of these combination writing desks and medicine-chests in his barn. One in the cow-stables and one in the horse-stables will do very well. It should be very securely fastened about waist high on the wall or on a shelf in some convenient place, and kept closed wnen not in use. It will save many a trip to the house for a sheet of paper, salve or liniment. It is much better than to have one thing here and another there.

A convenient size for this chest is as follows : eight inches thick, eighteen inches high and twenty-four inches long, although it can be made any size desired. It should not, however, be over nine inches thick, unless you have plenty of space. It can be divided into many compartments.

Hauling Hogs in Hot Weather

By M. Coverdell

SINCE there are many hogs lost every summer while being hauled to market, one should make arrangements for such hauling in advance. Not only the hot weather, but the jolting about of the ani- mals in the wagon causes them to woriy and overheat themselves.

Bolster springs on the wagon in which hogs are marketed will greatly diminish the danger from jolting. Next, the floor of the wagon-box should be covered with leaves or litter of some kind and thoroughly damp- ened with cool water before starting on the trip to market. If all but the lower box of the wagon can be constructed of slats, simi- lar to a fence of boards, a free circulation of air is established, which is of great as- sistance in keeping the hogs cool.

After these precautions have been taken, make sure that you do not crowd the wagon and smother some of the fatter animals; then cut some green brush with heavy foliage, and form a canopy over the load of hogs, to protect them from the broiling sun. Hang a bucket on the wagon, and stop oc- casionally on the road to market, splash- ing some water over the animals and on the litter. Where the hogs are pretty hot, however, it is well to be careful in apply- ing the water.

Women and Horses

By Warren F. Wilcox T SHOULD like to sound a word, of wam- * ing to aU farm women : "Learn how to hitch up and unhitch a team."

Just the other day I saw a woman un- dertaking to unhitch a team. How' do you suppose she began? She first let down the neckyoke with the tugs or traces still fas- tened to the singletrees. Careless woman ! Little did she realize how easily the horses might start something that would end dis- astrously.

All of us men have had some experiences, when we forgot to unfasten the tug on the far side and went and let down the neckyoke and started to lead the horses away ; how that tug, unfastened, drew along the rig. We have all had those times of forgetful- ness.

Now. with all four tugs fastened and the neckyoke down and a fractious team and the woman starting back to unfasten them and the team starting up, what is going to happen? Just about everything that is not pleasant.

You may say, "Oh, there is no use for me to learn ; I will never drive enough to pay." But you may. Some time you may have to unhitch the team, and once is plenty enough to know how. Every hus- band, father and brother should see to it that every woman, sister, wife and daugh- ter on the farm knows how to harness, un- harness, hitch up and unhitch, not to say drive, tie and all the other things incident to handling horses.

Any man who has endeavored to straight- en out a harness that an inexperienced woman has taken off will appreciate what I say. I have had that experience trying to assemble a harness taken off by a woman who did not know how, but who proceeded to unbuckle and unfasten every place where straps could be separated. I guess every man has had the same expei'ience.

Every woman on the farm should learn these things. Insist that the men take time and demonstrate the different things so that if ever occasion demands you will be equal to the emergency.

Women who drive should learn how to hitch a horse. Let the men folk who must do such work show the women who ought to know how, and then they wiU be ready and equal for all emergencies.

Agricultural Colleges — Gateways to the Cities

[continued from page 5]

the future of agricultural colleges, and yet they are associated with that thought. It is important that the country see to it that we do not fall into a system controlled by landed gentry. We want no peasant class in America. We want more landowners farming their own land, one-hundred-acre farms for instance, producing food for the people ; we want a rural credit that will make it possible to wipe out tenantry, and we want more county agricultural colleges. When these wants are satisfied we shall have done much to keep the best-born on the farms, and the agricultural colleges, as professional schools, will be providing teachers and experts to equip the smaller schools.

Imagine a company, manufacturing wire and ornamental iron and such things, em- ploying several men. ten years ago, to write about agriculture and lecture about it. Imagine the big farm-implement com- panies, ten or fifteen years ago. maintain- ing departments of service and publicity in the sole interest of farmers. Imagine the bankers paying for seed-corn and seed- wheat and giving it to farmers in order to improve the crops in the bankers' sur- rounding country.

Imagine the magazines ten or twelve years ago sending men out especially to investigate and write special articles on agriculture. All these things are done to-day. One of the most successful rail- road men in the United States gives at least one half his time to agriculture and good roads. B. F. Yoakum, chairman of the executive committee of the Frisco Rail- road, James J. HUl of the Great Northern, E. P. Ripley of the Santa Fe. H. U. Mudge of the Rock Island ; all of these men give their personal attention to agriculture, and these railroads maintain departments of agriculture in which experts give all their energies to improving the farming in their respective territories. It was not very many years ago that there was no Secre- tary of Agriculture. He was a commis- sioner and was not sufficiently important to be in the cabinet, but it is very doubtful if any portfolio to be disposed of by Presi- dent Wilson attracted more attention than that of the Secretary of Agriculture, and man.v persons openly declared it to be one of the most important posts in the govern- ment service.

A business so dignified and so filled with import to every man and woman and child on earth holds fine possibilities for him who undertakes it carefully and intelligently and with the determination to do his best. This is why some of the deepest thinkers in educational America are giving most carefiil consideration to the future useful- ness of the agricultural colleges.

FoUowing "Dad"

Grandfather's Trail

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