COOKING VEGETABLES

The Fat of Ike Land nc. contains many good recipes and directions for cooking vegetables which we would do well to follow in prepar- ing the early spring vegetables for table use. We quote the following :

" Vegetables for stewing should be pared very lightly, as a large part of the nutriment lies just beneath the skin. Steaming vegeta- bles is the best method, the most economical and labor saving. When the water in the steamer boils, put the vegetables in dry, and cook until a fork will penetrate them. Vegeta- bles when cold may be finely chopped for hash, or if warmed, mashed and seasoned may be dropped from a spoon in small cakes and baked. They can also be used for soup, puree, salad or stew, with suitable seasonings. May,

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MODERN NECESSITY KOR ARTIFICIAL PLANT FOODS. In the constant struggle for existence tbe horticultnrist and farmer is forced to meet and supply the popular demand. Quantity must be considered as well as (juality, and to even a greater extent the saleable appearance of the product must be cousidered. If the orchards and fields were tended by nature alone, our fruits, Tegetables and grains would revert to ancient forms ; therefore, in order to preserve (he results of the selections and experience of oar forefathers, artificial aids which supple- ment natural methods are followed, or methods which bring about the results wanted by husbandmen to supply the demands of their markets as to looks, quality and quantity of the produce, are employed wisely or other-

Results of Experiekck.

It was fooa found that decaying vegetable matter which had passed through the alimen- tary canal of domesticated animals increased the yield ; that a crop grown for its roots, followed by one raised for its leaves ; helped to maintain the proper balance of plant food in the soil. That some plants when returned to tbe soil entire, as by plowing under (called green manures) tended to increase soil pro- dnctiveness, also that tillage was such an advantage, that it became a proverb "He who tills his land manures it."

Advent of Chemistry.

Chemical analysis of different soils showed they were composed of varying quantities of the snbstances found in the ashes of plants, partly explaining why one field was more fertile than another. This suggested the mixing of soils, and to-day we have as a development therefrom, the vast and steadily increasing use of the so called fertilizers. 1897

Difficulties oe the Fertilizer Question. Bnt chemistry has not solved this question, it has rather added to the difficulty. We find some successful and prominent fanners who would use nothing but chemical fertilizers, supplementing them with green manures ; and who [Lctualty keep no more animals on their farms than is actually required to supply power etc. On the other hand, equally prom- inent and successful farmers are unable to obtain any beneficial financial results from their outlay and use of commercial fertilizers, but advocate thepractice of growing lugumin- ous crops for turning under as green manures, the saving and applying all the well rotted dung they can procure, and good tillage, with intelligent crop totntion.

LENTIL CULTURE IN AMERICA. Has the cultivation of lentils been feirly tried in any of the states of this country? We believe it has not. Let us hear from the Agricultural Department on this subject, if it is not been kepi too busy distributing common flower seeds.

CASA BANANA. This new fruit is described as a fine keeper. It has been kept till Jan. ist; then peeled, cut into inch lengths and preserved with equal weight of sugar, boiled in a little water and placed in glass jars. It makes a rich preserve with a flavor resembling a combination of muskmellon and pineapple. Sliced lemon may be used to give it the desired tartness. By combining it with apples it makes an excellent jam or marmalade in which case but a small quantity of sugar is required. It is said this fruit was first grown in this country by a lady in Louisana who found the seed in green coffee bought of the grocer. It has a vine 10 feet long,

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CHARLES W. FORWARD.

We have great pleasure in presenting a por- trait of Mr Charles W. Forward whose literary labors in connection with the Vegetarian movement in England have placed him among the most industrious and talented of the English propagandists. Although retired from the editorial responsibility of the I'eg- etariati Review, Mr. Forward contributes articles of special value to the Review and The Vegetarian. He has recently commenced a series on "The Pioneers of Vegetarian ism" beginning with an account of our esteemed personal friend William Harvey, J. P. His contributions to the Review have taken the form of " A History of the Vegetarian Move- ment."

We prefer to give extracts Trom his writings to giving a biographical sketch, for being a young man, he has, we trust, a long and useful life before him.

Our readers had better learn of him by what he does, and then they will be better qualified to form an estimate of his worth than by any eulogy our own admiration might instigate. We are rejoiced to know that the movement in England is so well sustained es it is by young men of high literary merit of whom Mr. Forward is a most excellent example.

His history of the movement commences with Pythagoras and Seneca, not venturing upon the more mythical period of Zoroaster, although the prediction attributed to this prophet, that a time would come when man- kind will live on the products of the Vegetable kingdom, would seem to be a good beginning to such a history. With a picture of Seneca he gives Seneca's remark :

"If these maxims" (the Pythagorean) " are true, then to abstain from the flesh of ani- mals is to encourage and foster innocence ; if ill founded, at least they teach us frugality and simplicity of living. And what loss have you in losing your cruelty ? I merely deprive you of the foodof Hoiis and voltures. Moved by these and similar arguments I resolved to abstain from flesh meat, and at the end of a

year the habit of abstinence was not only easy but delightful."

He then follows with the philosophers and Christian Fathers and comes to modem his- tory with Paley, Pope, Shelley, Bentham. I^aniartine, Phillips, ' Wesley, Howard, Swe- denborg &c. He records the fact that although naturally delicate, Wesley maintained fair health and almost ceaseless activity till the age of 88.

In his third article he gives sketches of oar late friends bletcalfe. Alderman Harvey and John Smith.

He also gives sketches of Mr. W. Gibson Ward, Graham, Dr. Lamb and Wm. Oldham, the pater of the Concoidium in which onr name becomes associated with those of the pioneers in the movement in England, and tlie period, the Jubilee of which is to be cele- brated this year, is introduced by pictures of Wm. Horsell and Joseph Brotherton.

The following sketch of Wm. Gibson Ward is specially interesting to ns as it was from him we learned the folly if not the wickedness of flesh eating:

"Mr. Gibson Ward, above referred to, was a Herefordshire squire, of Perriston Towers. Ross. He was bom in Birmingham in 1819. and became a vegetarian at the age of 30. Mr. Gibson Ward was an able writer and lecturer, possessing a most powerful voice, and, be- sides being a vegetarian, he was an abstainer from alcohol and tobacco and an ardent oppo- nent of vaccination. He worked long and earnestly for the elevation of the agricultural laborer, and was, from the first, a trustee of the National Agricultural Laborer's Union. In the winter [S78-9, his famous letters to the Times newspaper appearc-d, advocating the use of the lentil as a food and created a large amount of interest in the question of cheap and wholesome food.''

Mr. Forward is the historian of the Vege- tarian movement and his contributions to periodicals will form the basis of a mote per- manent work.

May, 1897

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Vol. I, No. 8, New Shhies.

Whole Ndubbr, 8o.

LYDIA G. HAMILTON & FRANK L HAMILTON.

IN presenting portrails of Mr. « Mrs. Ham- ilton, we introduce to,rf»M- readers two of tlie most recent acquisitions to the uieui- ber-thip of the Vegetarian Society of America, and we do so becaase they have engaged in a work in which vegetariann throughout the country will feel a deep-ii)|weGt as soon as made acquainted with its nature.

Lydia Goodnow was bom at Millingtou, Mass.. April jolh, 1866. From the ape of sixteen she has been zealously devoted lo the caring for and healing the sick ; studying in the Eclectic and Homeopathic schools and in 1889 she studied in medical classes under Dr. Dution's tuition in the Vermont Medical College which became the Chicago Health University, Dr. Dutton'»f-instru.:tion was distinctly Hygienic .irH Miss Goodnow attended it both at Rutland, Vt. and at Bos- ton. Miss G. iias been very successful in any case she has undertaken. Miss Goodnow lookup the sti.dy of physic^ culture, espec- "ally the branches uealing with invalids and adults.

While away, teaching, the thought of a hill on her father's (arm at" Millingt<,n came into ber mind as an ideal spot for a Sanitarium, and from that lime she has planned and worked with this object in view.

In 1892, Miss Goodnow mdVried Frank L. Haniiltort. whose picture is also presented, and the two have united in working out the pUns of the "Welkin Bluff Rest Cure" as their life work.

Mr. Hamilton being a builder was just the kind of help needed for the enterprise. The site comprises 50 acres of wood land, on an eminence rising about 200 ft. The hill is about 800 feet East and West and about 2,80c ft. from North to South. ITie ledges of rock '897 .

are about half way down the hill on either side. A road enables a team to ascend the hill.

The young timber is mainly oak, especially on the South end of the bluff with quite a few pines, chestnuts, birches, poplars etc. The North end of the hill is almost exclusively White Pine, This is the portion where building has been commenced. Trees of Pinus rigida grow near the base of the hill and GOnie of Pinus miiiv and a clump of Pinus resimosa form a pleasant resort for those who desire its healing baJm.

Hemlock and Spruce grow in the country round about. Also the Mountain Laurel. There is an occasional Balsam Fir, Cedar and Larch.

On the top of |he, bluff is about an acre of level land well adapted for buildings among the pines.

Several small lake^help to make the views from the biuff interesting and diversifi-rf. They are on the east side of the bluff and when the full moon ri.ses a reflection is seen ill one of these placid lakes as perfect as above the horizon. The moonlight adds an enchantment to the landscapeand renders the walks among the trees even more delightful than in the day time.

The Athol and Springfield R. R, runs across the eastern angle of the town. Millington is one mile from the R. R. Station. The name of Welkin, or dome of heaven, was given to the hill, it being the oriKinal name of the town. The highest place in the town is a niountiin 1,200 fl. above sea level.

" Rest Cuie" has been adopted in prefer- ence to Sanilarium, not wishing to convey the idea of giiing medicine. In addition to the tiees th( wild flowers that grow here add

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much lo the enjoyment o( Die guests ; the trailing arbutus, of which Mrs. Hamilton has kindly sent us a consignment, is finerthan any we have ever seen even on the shores of Lake Micbigpn and other favorite resorts of this shy early spring flower. It runs riot in ibis charmed locality and is not so hard to find 8S in the sand dunes of Michigan. The flowering Dogwood (Coraus Florida) grows freery an the hill, as also the wild rose, the shad tree, the mountain laurel, witch hsKel and the odorous and other varieties of the golden rod. violets, marsh marigold {Caltha) Trillium, azalea, the white, odorous water lily, the white and yellow daisy, fringed gentian and many kinds of flowers that require botanists to describe and to cla.isify. Few places could be found more favorable for botanical exploration. Ferns, the dainty maidenhair being among them ; and there is scarcely a spot that does not offer living beauties for the lover of nature to enjoy.

On this Welkin blnff it is not designed to build or the present at least, a million dollar hotel, but to place among the pine trees sim- ple cottages where overwrought nervous subjects can breath the piney, balmy air without heaving their rooms or porches ; where the perdime of the evergreens and flowers can be enjoyed even by those who at first cannot leave their cottages, but who under the influence of such surroundings and simple health treatment.can breathe the breath of life and soon beconie able to walk among the trees and forget their ailments.

The cottages being on an elevation above the morning fogs, are perfectly dry and airy.

In 1895 Mr, & Mrs, Hamilton put up a tent there, and while living in the tent, they started building rustic cottages and then in- vi(ed some of their friends from the cities to Slimmer with theiu. These friends came and were so enchanteil with the plan that it was discovered that the much desired Rest had made a beginning and some became boarders for the summer, but living in rustic cottages, instead of large, costly hotels, 116

The picturesqueness of the out of door life ; the living in cottages which were then unplas- tered ; the air always so pure, made this first summer on Welkin Bluff a perfect delight and convinced the projectors that the place was all ibey had ever hoped for it. But after their boarders had gone, for whom they had thought it necessary to provide ordinary fare, they became so disgu.sted with the serving and eating of animal food that they concluded to give the food question the most serious attention and they soon decided that if it was not possible to build and conduct the place on a Vegetarian basis then they would not butld. So they concluded to make their blnfi" too sacred a spot to be polluted with slaughter and bloodshed or their products.

The place is still somewhat crude, but for those who do not object to roughing it a little during the summer months, we can conceive of no more satisfactory way of recuperating the energiesafter a winter's campaign of city life and sedentary occupation.

Mrs. Hamilton writes: "All wanting daily light, regular exercise, physical train- ing, massage, and vapor baths could I know come here with uinch benefit. At present we have two three roomed cottages and two sin- gle roomed, which is all we shall attempt until we can fill these with boarders. They all have generous platforms outside and are in every way perfectly suitable for any one to live in through the summer months. We have one made a little closer and have passed a comfoitable winter here even with the two little ones. The simplicity and rusticity make these rural abodes much admired by lovers of nature. We hope to get $5.00 or $6 00 a week for boarders, including all the advantages of physical culture. Massage, vapor baths &c. would necessarily cost a little

"Our garden is already planted and ready to bear this year and one third of an acre is in strawberries. All the berries, black, blue and whortle, grow in wild abundance about here and can be had in large quantities." June.

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FEELING STRONGER. I feel no w<;aker but stronger for my change of diet to that of the Vegetarian. — Sarah Hall, 806 Venango St., Pfaila.

THE WIDOW OF DR. ALCOTT AT 85. I have recently been to Obcrlin, 0 . to see my mother and sister. Mother is remarkably well for one born in iSia.— Rev. William P. Alcott, Boxford. Mass.

CHICAGO ENTHUSIASM. There were 300 at our last meeting at the West Side branch and at the last Central meeting the hall could not hold the people that came. The V. clubs are also enthusiastic. — Francesl.. Duseuberry, Mc Vic ker Building, Chicago.

VEGETARIAN ADVENTISTS. Dr. Kellogg attended the American Med- ical Association's Summer Convention in Philadelphia. He told us the Adventists were rapidly adopting Vegetarianism from principle and predicted there would be 40,000 Vegetarians among them within 5 years.