ENCE CO

'aEVUAND, OHIO

This book fjpUiiu Ijo^ wc can ACTUALLY START YOU io llie Auto boalnosa mfUr tr»ininit Tou »» home by ft slmplt tjsUm of Io»- aona, chari8»n'1 models. Ore»t aemanJ for Auto Expcrti. TOt' can become • i«pslr in*M, eh»i)f- fenr oi «lrtmaa by oar »yiit«o. Wc h»TC th« hirheae en-Jomrments of Bl? Auto Makcn.' Our 33 pwTB FR>3 book «xpi»liii ALL. Writ* for It. Practical Auto *i*hooI, "<)-X B«aTer St^ Nfw York, \. Y.

MEN WANTED

Prepare afl Fireman, Brakomen, Elec- tric Motormen, and colored Train Por- ters. Hundreds put towork — tO'> to tlM anioDth. No experience necessary. 600 more wanted. Knclope HtampforAppllCft- tlonBlanlL Wame poeitlon you want. I RAILWAY C. I. Dtpt 33. WDm<APOUS. IHD. Make your o-OTi fv-rtUizer at emftU o^stwitli

Wilson's Phosphate Mills

f-Toin 1 to •«) n. P. Si ml for ovLiloi^e. WILSON BROS. Sole Mtrs- Easton. Pa.

Run On Coal Oil

Ellis Encincsgive more power on coal oU than other engines on gasoline. You save SOc on the doUar in fuel. Stroncest, simplest cnscines made —only three working parts. New two-cylinder 12 H, P. entfine docs work rcquirinK up lo 15 H. t . All Ellis Engines can be run on Kasolinc, distillate or any fuel oil without extra equipment.

ISO D»rf Fnt TrUl -

hRve patent throttle. trlviD? thr*^ co-

Id oitr. Auiuino'riilu muUl'T, PI^. .1 .rti*ufc'in({ toveru'-/', ruu '■i.ri-.r wiT, r<--r-r«lbiQ while run* Ulnj. G''jtrani"-'i 10 yenrt. W» pay rr"isht. 30 (lay* fr-tu %fi«l. Buy direct :io4 taTe monpjr, Wrtwi for caULloiruo stiowiii^U(13 modei* with ipccial pr

ELLIS ENGINE COMPANY 107 Mollett St..Dctro».MIch

We p»y Freight

The H ead

e neaawork Shop

The Latest Output of Ideas by Thinking Farmers

jTripod for Bucksaw

HEN sawing wood with a bucksaw, what do you do with " your saw after one stick is sawed and you want to place another on the sawbuck ? Lay your saw on the ground or wood-pile? I don't. By nailing three old rails together I make a tripod which I have at a convenient distance so that I can turn my arm around and easily reach up to hang the saw. This keeps it out of the way, out of the snow or mud, and it is always where you can reach it easily.

The sketch shows how tripod is made. Leave end of one cleat long enough to hang saw on, or drive a spike in one leg of tripod. O. H. Albaugh.

It Pleases the Hogs

(~\NE of the handiest ^"■^ things we have on our farm is our stove. I had it made to order out of sheet iron at a cost of $6.50. It has been in use for about ten years. It is four feet long, two feet high, two feet wide at the top and one foot wide at the bottom. I use it every day during the winter for cooking turnips and potatoes for the hogs and chickens. There are two large kettles on it. It is very little work to cook two bushels of turnips or anything desired.

In the morning I fill the kettles and start the fire in the stove, and by noon it is cooked ready to feed. In this way the hogs have their warm meals, which is especially de- sirable in cold weather. The stove is also handy at butchering-time and on wash- days. C. R. B.-^SHORE.

Hold-Me-Tight Sawbuck

pARMERS who are still sawing their wood by hand can greatly lessen this laborious task by using the sawbuck illus- trated. Simply take about nine inches of a discarded saw-blade, punch a hole in each end of this, and spike it to the top and inside of one of the two crosspieces of the sawbuck, al- lowing about an inch to project. This will firmly hold the wood from moving or slipping out of place. John M. Newton.

For Catching Fowls

VS/HEN you wish to catch grown fowls to apply insect-pow- der for lice or for culling out a flock, catcning by hand or with e wire hook is no easy task, besides it frightens them very much. The catching- box illustrated saves time and steps, and fowls are less frightened.

The box can be made any size desired. One twenty by twenty inches by five feet will hold a good number of fowls. One end of box which is left open is placed at a small door where chickens generally leave the coop. The other end and one side is ofwire netting. This admits light and induces fowls to enter box with little scaring. Three doors made to slide back and forth easily and large enough to admit a large fowl are placed on other side. Holes are made in the center of doors through which the catcher can see the fowls.

A partition to drop in where dotted lines are shown keeps chickens at one end when all are caught but a few. Enter coop, and drive fowls in box till full, then close en- trance door. Chickens can be caught by legs and drawn out at slide doors one by one. Two people can do the work quickly, one catching fowls, the other applying powder.

Fred L. Bailey.

It Prevents Runaways

accidents occurred by the sleigh or wagon tongue pulling out of the neckyoke. A broken tug or whiffletrce will cause the tongue to drop to the ground, and if the team gets frightened or has a desire to run away, it is impossible for the driver to hold them, as the wagon will go one way and the team the other.

Here is one of my inventions which will prevent any such accident. Get a blacksmith

to drill a seven-sixteenths-inch hole through the cap and tongue, about two inches in front of the holdback, and put in a bolt that fits loosely and projects about two inches on the under side of the tongue. Put a tight nut on the end of the bolt so you cannot lose it By raising and lowering the bolt the neckyoke can be easily put on or taken off. With this device the tongue wiU never drop out of the neckyoke ring.

F. W. Briard.

A Wheel Mail-Post

AFTER seeing many mail- boxes torn off by care- less drivers, I devised the following way to prevent it. Take an old wagon or buggy wheel and an iron axletree. Drive the axle into the ground, then put the wheel on. Take two one-by-two, pieces eight inches long, and bolt these on spokes far enough back so box will set inside of rim. Then take a one-by-five piece fifteen inches long, and fasten this to cleats. Then set box on and fasten high enough so the driver's wheel can pass under it. If any part of his rig hits it, it will turn, and no harm will be done.

The wheel will span a ditch or fence where a common post could not be used, making it handy on one side for the mail- carrier and on the other for you. Paint it, and it will be ornamental aS' well as very useful. George W. Fattey.

A Kink for Cleaning Rifles

TPAKE an ordinary cleaning-rod for a .22 caliber gun and a string over twice as long as the rod. Put the string through the eye of rod, and twist or wind the string on the rod to the required size.

If it sticks in barrel, simply unwind the string. It will not stick like a rag and can be wound to fit any size gun.

W. C. HOWDLE.

Cat-Proof Bird-House

¥ AST summer a cat used to climb our bird-box pole and steal young martins, so I took an old stove-pipe two feet long, and cut it open and nailed it around the pole as shown in the sketch. It fooled the cat.

It is best to put the stove-pipe on the pole before the martins come to build. Put it about six feet from the ground. Paul Schulze.

To Clean Horses' Hoofs

THE hook illustrated is very useful for clean- ing horses' feet. Take an iron rod about fifteen inches long, bend a hook about two inches long on one end, and sharpen both ends like a chisel. Take a piece of wood about four inches long, and slip on the rod for a handle. If the handle does not fit tightly, use wedge to make sure of a firm grip. W. A. Weedon.

Ever-Ready Door-Fastener

THIS is a very handy in- strument which can be used to fasten an open barn-door securely so it cannot blow shut. The il- lustration is one third the actual size for ^ inch door, but of course if it is to be used for a thicker door it must be made larger according to the size of the door.

It should be fastened at the end of a block of wood (A) which must be securely nailed or bolted to the side of the building.

The door is thrown open, and as soon as the end of the door touches B it will move the point C so as to hook in the door, which guarantees a sure grip. It is easily loosened just by pulling the hook back so as to re- lease the door. Though simple, it is very useful. H. V. Wienen.

Headwork Winner — March Fifteenth

The first-prize contribution in the Headwork Shop in the March 15th issue was "A Latch for the Wire Gate," by James A. King of Illinois.

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i The poor man with a good wife is a whole lot |

i richer than the rich man with a poor wife. s

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Factorjr Direct ^

;KITSELMAN FENCE ^

'Madefrora thoroagb- ly Galvanized Open Hearth steel wire. Our free Catalog showslOO etyles and heie^hts of hog, farm and poultry fence at from

12 Cents a Rod Up

Sold on 30 days tree triaL If not satisfied re- torn It at our expense and we will refund your monev. 80-rod spool of Ideal galvanized

BARBED WIRE $1.55

Write today for large Free Catalog. KITSELHAM BROS., B«z 271, Mude. hajaaa.

, for ill pnrposes. Direct frxmi factory.' Crciglil prepvid.

; Bargain Prices — 13c per rod up

Get our new fence book before

Book Free

pays to buy. Get our new book,

conWncing proof of quality and sensational new low prices.

EMPIRE FENCE

'is sold directirom faaoi^'. freieht prepaid— 23 st^-Ies to choose from — for ailporposes. Write us apostal "OUJioroffcfc

Bead Sfeel Post Co. 42 £. m^i^ ^i. Adrian. Hich.

Cheap as Wood.

"We manufacture Lawn and Farm Fence. Sell direct shipping to users only, at manufacturers' prices. No agents. Our catalog is Free. Write for It today.

UP-TO-DATE MFG. CO. 971 10th St., Terre Hatrte, lai.]

II liy Pay Two Prices For Fences

ft a A_ We manufacture hun-

!!l!!§!sl!!!gllfl

dreds of designsof or- Dsmental fences, both Wire and Iron Picket, j Arches and Entranca Gates, "cheaper flu* wood," for lavpni, { churches, cemeteries, ■ .^^Writo for free citalagHC ond spccnl .

parks and fact . ries. etc.

Enterprise Foondiy &_Fence Contp'anyi

2443 Tandes Siree! InrfianapoHs, Imttana

LAWN FENCE

Many deslgrus. Cbeap u wood- 32 page Catalogue free. Specia I Prices to Churches and Cemeteries Coiled Spring Fence Co, Bos 403 Winchester Ini

ORNAMENTAL FENCE

25 DesiffM— AD Steel

Handsome, cost less than wooii, more durable. Don^t buj a fence until yon get our Fr*e Cataloguo . and Special Prices.

He can save you monev.

Kokomo Fence MaciuDc Co.

4:!7 .North St^ Kokomo, Ind.

125Egglncubator$ and Brooder %Vr

If ordered togetfier.

Freight paid east of Rockies. Hot water,

copper tanks, double AL--:^ walls, ^ double glass doors. Free catalog describeo B them. Send for it today.

Wisconsin Incubator Co..

BoxSS Racine, Wla. '

Biggest at price — hondreds of dead air cells — cold rolled copper tank, hot water heat, double disc regu- lator, deep nursery, high legs, double doors, cite t.-st- er safety lamp. Price $7.36, with Brooder ».85. FreiRht prepaid cast of Rockies. Order from this ad on our (Tuarantee or write for our bitr free book. PrOBf"'" lncub»tor Co., B<i« 142 R»clna,WI«.

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I Why Not You? I

: OCORES of men and wonun arc i

Z ^ makine a comfortabW livins; all tlic 1

1 year round and thousands ol otin rs Z Z are substantially incrt asinK their rcKU- |

2 lar incomes by devoting their spare 9 Z time to our interests. There is a fine | Z opening richt now on our Subscription a : Staff for a few more ambitious men ^ - and women. Why not join the ranks g I of those who are numbered among the g Z successful men and women of their s Z localities? A postal card will bring 5 ? all particulars. Send il to ; r Circulation Dept. Z

I FARM AND FIRESIDE, Springfield, Ohio i

H I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I t I t I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 t I I I I l>

SOMETHIiSO NEW

THOMAS ROPE MAKER

Mnkcfl any Icnjrth or tliIrlinrB« ot rope out o( binder twiiio, tvnol twtue or any k II'] of waste twiiu*. Twirr an stioiig \ 118 factory madi? rnpp. Any out- can X Sav*« 80 to 00 p«r o«nl.

Am-ntM coiniug big niont-y. Sellt iikuwiMfiru. No arRumint nccea- pnry. Jost flbnw and yoar aalo It tiinde. Big prolits. ^Vo wiitit good rKfciila In every county. Write for tt rma eud fre« aaiuplo to worker*. THOMAS M FG. CO.* itS iG Bamy St., OAYTON, OHIO

m'//////////////ymm^^^^ I

I Garden and Orchard

Concrete Benches for Greenhouses

By Marc N. Goodnow

THE average life of a wooden flower- bench is about five years. At the end of that period it is necessary to tear out and throw away long stretches of rotted timbers and rebuild for another five years. The florist must figure on this cash outlay, and it is no small item in the life of a busi- ness. With the comparatively recent use of cement and crushed stone in the manufac- ture of concrete lumber, however, this large item of useless expense is being eliminated. The construction of flower-benches now uti- lizes concrete lumber in rather an ingenious way and makes for permanency and reduced cost.

A notable example of this sort of con- struction is to be found at the cut-flower nur- series of Poehlmann Brothers, at Morton Grove, Illinois, where one hundred houses, each five hundred feet in length are being equipped with concrete benches the full length of the rooms as rapidly as the wooden benches rot away. Workmen employed about this establishment use their spare moments in con- structing the separate pieces for this work. Already twenty thou- sand feet of benches have been constructed and set in place, and the plan is proving to be a complete success in every respect.

The Different Sections Used

The pieces or sections of lumber neces- sary to set up this form of bench are as follows : Tapered posts, 6 inches square at top and 8 inches in di- ameter at bottom. They are 2 feet high and rest on circular bases 10 inches in diameter and 2 inches thick. Slots are formed at the top of the post for the cross-beams. The slot is 8^ inches up and down, 2 inches deep, 154 inches wide at the back and 2 inches wide at the face of the post. Three-quarter strips fast- ened at the corners of the mold (Fig. 1) give the post an octagonal shape. Fig. 2 shows a

completed post, and Fig. 3 the method of locking the form at the top.

Cross-beams, 49 inches long, 6 inches wide and Xy^ inches thick, fit into the slots crosswise of the bed shown by A, Fig. 4.

Stringers, 6 feet 2J^ inches long, 4 inches wide and 3 inches thick, rest on the cross- beams and support the bottom slabs through the middle (Fig. 4, B).

Side slabs or L's are 6 feet long, 10 inches high and inches thick, with an angle 3/4 inches wide at the bottom upon which the bottom slabs rest. These are reinforced with mesh wire 10 inches wide and four angle-irons 10 inches long (Fig. 4, C).

the upright slab to it. The flange is set on the bottom of the mold first. The mesh wire is imbedded in it and bent up alongside the face of the mold. Four one-fourth-inch bars are inserted at regular intervals between the meshes and bent at right angles. Then, covering the flange with a board set one and one-fourth inches from the face of the mold and supported securely at the back, the ten- inch upright for the side of the flower-bench is made by tamping concrete around the re- inforcement.

The end pieces are made in the same mold, their elbowed ends being tamped in at the ends of the mold and the length of the slab laid face up as in the construction of a plain board. When properly set, these pieces are lifted bodily out of the form, still resting on the two-inch board which forms the bottom of each new casting.

Concrete greenhouse plant-bed constructed in the manner described

Bottom slabs, 53 inches long, 95/2 inches wide, XYi inches thick, reinforced with three or four quarter-inch twisted iron bars, form the bottom of the bed (Fig. 4, D).

There are also end pieces, 5554 inches long, with short elbows at ends to connect with side slabs.

All pieces except the posts can be made in a form such as that described in Farm and Fireside for Feb- ruary 15th in an article entitled "Concrete Lumber for Fences." By devising compart- ments of the proper size, any one of these pieces, sometimes two, can be manufac- tured. The side slabs or L's require some nicety of adjvistment, because it is necessary to construct the flange or elbows first and add

The Art of Proper Pruning

[continued from page 4]

to form the framework, so distributed as to hold the weight of fruit without break- ing, and they should be at some distance from each other, not crowded or forming a crotch which will almost always cause trouble in later years. The subsequent yearly pruning is simple.

The top should be kept sufficiently open to air and light, crossed branches should be avoided and branches should not crowd. The habit of growth must also be con- sidered, and often modified by pruning a too upright grower to an outer bud, or by pruning a too spreading grower to an inner or more central bud.

Where to Make the Cut

In older orchards pruning consists in cutting out the dead, dying or diseased branches, removing a branch where crowded, and the removal of crossed branches. Care should be used not to overprune. A neglected orchard should require about three years to bring into proper shape. If all the pruning be per- formed the first year, a mass of water- sprouts soon develops, causing much more pruning later.

In too many orchards we see stubs that have failed to heal over, and which have died back, encouraging rot to develop in the trunk or main branch, resulting in serious injury, if not in the destruction of the tree in later years. Such conditions should be avoided. It will be observed that there is a bulge at the base of the branches. The cut should be made close to this bulge and parallel with the direc- tion of growth.

When large limbs are removed it is advisable to cover the cut surface with some material that will afford protection against decay. These materials, will not necessarily cause the wound to heal faster, but they afford protection from unfavor- able weather conditions and against the

attacks of insects and disease, thus pre- venting decay. The best dressing is one which will not injure the tree, is adhesive for a long time, and keeps out moisture, insects and fungi. White lead paint is usually one of the most available and sat- isfactory coverings for such a purpose.

In conclusion, the- fact must be ever present that pruning cannot be done by rule of thumb; the line of treatment or method to follow depends entirely on conditions which are extremely variable, and a study should be made of the need of each individual tree, applying the remedy according to the principles which are unchangeable, and which should govern the actual operation of pruning.

The posts are cast in molds, the mixture being rather wet. The block of wood at- tached to the face of the mold in Fig. 1 shows how the slot is made for the cross- beam. The other three sides of this form are plain and lock together by means of latches. The posts are reinforced with a singte rod which connects them with the cir- cular base upon which the post mold should set when being poured. The base is easily made in a circular strip of iron which will unlock after the concrete has hardened.

The mixture for this work consists of one part Portland cement to four parts fine gravel. For the slabs the mixture is dry enough to tamp well. For the posts it is wet enough to be poured and much coarser. If any slabs should break in handling, they may be broken up into quarter-inch bits and used as a body for the post mixture. Each piece, after removal from the form, should be set away in a sheltered spot and given a drenching at least once a day for a week.

How This Lumber is Set Up

In setting up concrete-lumber benches there is a large saving over the use of wooden boards and nails. Posts are placed in position in a double row, the cross-beams fitted into the slots, the stringers set lengthwise over the cross-beams, and the side slabs with the flange over the post are held in position. The bottom slabs are then placed in position over the flanges, and the thing is done ; the weight of the bottom holds the frame in place until it is loaded. No drains are neces- sary, as the water will run through the rough edges of the bottom slabs.

An average day's work for two men at a single mold was, in the manufacture of these pieces, from one hundred and seventy-five to two hundred bottom slabs and cross- beams and side stringers. From eighty to eighty-two side pieces with flanges were made in a single day by two men.

CANADA'S OFFERING

To Tbe Settler

The American Rush to Western Canada is Increasing

Free Homesteads

D I s -

tricts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta there are thousands of Free Homesteads left, which to the man making entry in 3 years* time will be worth from S20 to §25 per acre. These lands are well adapted to grain grow- ing and cattle raising.

Excellent Railway Facilities

In many cases the railways in Canada have been built in advance of settlement, and in a short time there will not be a settler who need be more than 10 or 12 miles from a line of raihvay. Railway Rates are regulated by Government Commission. SOCIAL CONIHTIOXS. The American Settler is at home in Western Canada. He is not a stranger in a strange land, having nearly a million of his own people already settled there. If you desire to know why the condition of the Canadian Settler is so pro^iierous. write to any of the Canadian Government Agents and send for literature, rates, &c., to

J. S. CRAWFORD

301 E. Genesee St., Syracuse, N. Y.

CANADIAN GOVERNMENT AGENT 413 Gardiner Boilding, Toledo, 0.

or address Supt. of Immigration, Ottawa, Canada.

A Guaranty of Safety

Buy a gasoline engine with the Underwriter's label. It is worth while. Guarantees you against fire risk. Saves you from increased insurance rate. With us, it means that the very engine itself you buy has been personally inspected and approved. Let us send you more facts about this new added protection you get with a

JACOBSON ENGINE

Gives more power with less gasoline. Simple design, perfect bahmce, light running, no breakage. Good fori more power than we rate it. and remem- ber the Jacobson Portable Gasoline Engine always bears the insurance Under- writer's label. Write today.

JACOBSON MACHINE MFG. CO.

0/?ff£P BY MAIL

GUARANTEED

SAVE UP TO 25%

Buy direct from us. Wo offer a line of highest quality goods at exceptionally lo«r prices.

Tires Guaranteed 3500 Miles

Thousands of satisfied cufltomers are willing to testify to their quality and reliability.

Our Ironclad Guarantee Protects You

Wrice for special offer A-54 and price Hat

VAN DEMAN & WAINRIGHT

Dept. M NEWAKK, N. J.

Widow Must Sell

170 Acres, $3200. Easy Terms

You will have to bring only your trunk when you take possessionof this big profit-paying fruit and dairy farm; everything needed; down to complete house furnishings included and waiting for you; near pretty village, mail delivered :50 acres machine-worked fields, spring-watered pasture for 12 cows. 2,000 cords wood. 150.000 ft. timber, 200 fruit trees, grapes, berries, etc.; 2-story house, arranged for two families, running water, 25-ft. piazza, 70-ft. barn, all other necessary outbuildings; widow must sell: if taken immediately throws in house. 4 cows, 2 heifers, hogs, wagons, machinery, tools, household furniture, fitted stove wood, etc.; ^200 takes all, easy- terms. Full particulars, page 60, "Strout'a Farm Cata- logue 35." Write today for free copy. Station 2699. E. A Strout Farm Agency, 47 West 34th Street, New York

YOUR APPLES

WILL NET YOU

MORE MONEY

After you have iDstalled a Monarch Hydraulic Cider Press. Wear'ethelargest mfrs. of presses, appl^^- butter cookers, evapora- tors, etc., in thecou'itry.

A. B. Farqnhar Co., Ltd. Box 105,York,Pa.

Ask for oar free 1913 Catalog, tiling why.

$9.75 Per bu.

Best Non-Irrigated Seed — 99.6^c Pure

95<o Germiuatiou absolutely jiiiaraQle- d. No seed better. We sell gooil seed for Also have Tur-

kestari allalfa. Write now for free samples and save money. Our 76-page book sent l-'ree, i;ivinjj valu- able imormation on growing .-ilfalfti. Write today.

A. A. BERRY SEED CO.. Box 442, CLARINDA, IOWA

Will produce 100 poimds of milk 60 per cent cheaper on our farms in the Sacramento Valley, California, than she will in any of the Eastern States, and butterfat she produces will bring 4 to 6 cents more a pound.

The skim milk and the manure from the dairy are products that are seldom w * iiia'S!«MB»esi-^'x rated at their full value. For raising

ti^'ll ' )''''^^fflP^^^ poultry, hogs and calves, and for

\vi', ' ' -'" ^'^'^Bb^ maintaining and increasing the fertihty

' ' " of the land, and thus adding to the

value of the investment, dairy by-prod- ucts have a higher value every year. Another strong argument in favor of dairying is that it forms a most satisfactory basis for divei-sified farming. With the monthly cream check as a foundation, and the chickens and hogs to consume the by-products, everything is turned to the best account.

Being able to harvest six crops of alfalfa a year you wiU realize that. Let us tell you of the wonders of Spineless Cactus that supplements ALFALF.4. as a dairy feed, it costs only 75 cents a ton to produce.

Write us to-day and learn the great results-you may accomplish on our small fai-ms.

KUHN IRRIGATED LAND CO., Dept. 1S7A

Sll Wood street. - Pittsburgh. Pa. 412 Market Street. San Francisco, Cal.

Here is one man's experience, but let us send you our new booklet "Settlers' Stories" giving names of many men who have met with gi-eat success on Kuhn's CaUfornia Project.

I am milking a small herd of common grade cows— part grade Jerseys and part grade Dur- hams, and my cream check amounts to S15 per head per month. . ,, ^ j -.j

These cows are getting alfalfa pasture and wild oat hay. One of the cows will calve in a month- two were fresh in January and two are heifers under two years old in the lot.

I am familiar with farming conditions through- out the West and know that dairy products can be produced cheaper here and a higher price se- cured for them than any place I have ever been.

I can keep dairy cows here for from three and a half dollars to four dollars a month the year round. It might cost a little more in the Winter but would run as low as SI. 50 per month per head in the Summer. A good dairyman can eas- ily make SlOO a head clear each year with grade cows.

Yours sincerely,