ethyl butyrate
fruity ester Key food odorantFound in 131 ingredients across the CompKitchen flavor graph.
Look up another compound — search by name, CAS number, PubChem CID, or FEMA #.
- Formula
- C6H12O2
- Molecular weight
- 116.16 g/mol
- PubChem CID
- 7762 — full record on PubChem
Key food odorant (intermediary)
Dunkel et al. 2014Identified in the meta-analysis of 227 food samples as one of 57 intermediary odorants — appears in 5–25% of foods. Characteristic odor: fruity.
Properties
- Odor description
- apple, fruity, sweet
- Odor threshold — orthonasal, in clean water
- 1.0 ppb – 9.5 ppb median 1.0 ppb · 3 published values · see all 27 with sources
- Volatility
- high
- CAS number
- 105-54-4
- Retention index
- 922
FEMA GRAS — Generally Recognized As Safe for flavoring use
- FEMA number
- 2427
- GRAS publication
- GRAS 3
- FEMA primary name
- ETHYL BUTYRATE
Use-level matrix not extracted for this substance — check the source publication for current ppm guidance.
How this molecule is described
Sources disagree about odour more often than they disagree about chemistry. Rather than show one answer, here is every description on file with how many ingredient records carry it.
Same molecule, unified here — previously counted and displayed as separate compounds.
Ordered by how many independent descriptor streams give each wording, then by how often it appears. The bar is still replication — one source copied onto many ingredients scores high there — so the two can disagree.
Bars are the share of ingredient records carrying each description. High agreement means the sources replicate each other — not necessarily that they are right.
Published thresholds
27 measured values from the literature. Grouped by what was actually measured — a threshold smelled in clean water, tasted in the mouth, or measured in a real food are three different quantities and are not pooled.
Orthonasal, in clean water
1.0 ppb – 9.5 ppbThe reference measurement — smelled in water. OAV is computed against this.
| Threshold | Matrix | Source | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0 ppb | water_odor | Leffingwell | — |
| 1.0 ppb SIDA | water | Rychlik 1998 · 3 studies | — |
| 9.5 ppb | water/ethanol 6:4 (food: american bourbon whisky) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
In a food matrix
0.015 ppb – 18.0 ppbMeasured in a real food, where the matrix shifts detection — not a clean-water value.
| Threshold | Matrix | Source | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.015 ppb | water (food: beer) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 33889833 |
| 0.225 ppb | water (food: strawberry) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 0.400 ppb | water (food: grape) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 0.760 ppb | water (food: pink guava) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 0.760 ppb | water (food: reference standard (water)) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 1.0 ppb | water (food: apple) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 1.0 ppb | water (food: orange juice (reconstituted from concentrate)) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 1.0 ppb | water (food: hand-squeezed grapefruit juice) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 1.1 ppb | water (food: orange) | Literature corpus | 37515910 |
| 2.0 ppb | water (food: rice) | Literature corpus | 38846797, 40467248 |
| 18.0 ppb | water (food: tea) | Literature corpus | 32796601, 35956905 |
| 152 ppb | water (food: unknown) | Literature corpus | 19753606, 25857434, 33488534 +2 |
| Flagged: 152× from the median of this group. Excluded from the range above pending re-check against the source publication — shown rather than hidden. | |||
| 342 ppb | water (food: wine) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| Flagged: 342× from the median of this group. Excluded from the range above pending re-check against the source publication — shown rather than hidden. | |||
| 807 ppb | water (food: lime) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| Flagged: 807× from the median of this group. Excluded from the range above pending re-check against the source publication — shown rather than hidden. | |||
Retronasal / in-mouth
0.100 ppb – 3.5 ppbTasted rather than smelled — a different sense, not comparable.
| Threshold | Matrix | Source | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.100 ppb SIDA | water_retronasal | Rychlik 1998 · 1 studies | — |
| 3.5 ppb SIDA | oil_retronasal | Rychlik 1998 · 1 studies | — |
| 450 ppb | water_flavor | Leffingwell | — |
| Flagged: 129× from the median of this group. Excluded from the range above pending re-check against the source publication — shown rather than hidden. | |||
In air
0.040 ppbAirborne detection — not comparable to a water threshold.
| Threshold | Matrix | Source | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.040 ppb | air | Nagata 2003 | — |
Other matrix
9.5 ppb – 28.0 ppbMeasured in a non-aqueous medium (oil, starch, cellulose).
| Threshold | Matrix | Source | Paper |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9.5 ppb | ethanol/water (food: rum / red wine) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 9.5 ppb | ethanol/water 40/60 (food: rum (aged)) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 9.5 ppb | ethanol/water 40/60 (food: rum (young)) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 20.0 ppb | wine matrix (12% ethanol) (food: rum / red wine) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
| 28.0 ppb SIDA | oil_orthonasal | Rychlik 1998 · 1 studies | — |
| 28.0 ppb | oil (sunflower oil) (food: gouda cheese) | Literature corpus | 17499755, 19753606, 25857434 +9 |
Only values we can attribute are listed. Where a compendium's licence does not permit public attribution its figures are omitted here, so every number on this page traces to a citable source.
Where you'd actually smell it
Odor Activity Value = measured concentration ÷ odor threshold (1.0 ppb, the engine's canonical value — see the 27 published values). OAV ≥ 1 = perceptible.
| Food | Concentration (ppb) | OAV | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| grape | 838160.0 | 838160 ⚡ | PMID 36562039 |
| garlic | 7000.0 | 7000 ⚡ | PMID 32010343 |
| wine | 1000.0 | 1000 ⚡ | Corpus paper |
| orange | 842.0 | 842 ⚡ | Corpus paper |
| blueberry | 574.0 | 574 ⚡ | DOI |
| tea | 100.0 | 100 ⚡ | Corpus paper |
| beer | 80.0 | 80.0 ⚡ | Corpus paper |
| white wine | 40.0 | 40.0 ⚡ | DOI |
| lime | 9.5 | 9.46 | Corpus paper |
| cheese | 2.7 | 2.71 | PMID 39360317 |
| rice | 1.0 | 1.00 | Corpus paper |
| apple | 1.0 | 1.00 | Corpus paper |
| strawberry | 0.0 | 0.04 | — |
Concentrations from PubMed Central Open Access papers (free literature corpus, MIT-style licensed). Copper = OAV ≥ 10 (strongly perceptible). Green = OAV ≥ 1 (perceptible).
Found in
Measured impact first, then profile shareEvery ingredient known to contain ethyl butyrate. Ingredients with a measured concentration come first, ranked by odour activity; the rest follow by how large a share of that ingredient's profile this molecule is. The figure beside each is how many different compounds that ingredient has in total — not the concentration of ethyl butyrate in it. Full concentrations are in the OAV table above.
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