COLORING AND BLEAOHING

["In coloring always use plenty of water (soft water when obtainable) ; never crowd the goods, taking care that they float in the liquid. The rule is four gallons of water to one pound of goods. In rinsing alwajrs use plenty of clear water ; and in preparing goods for coloring, clean off all dirt and grease spots. To test color of dye, pour it from a dish held high, and look through it to the light A pound of extract of logwood is equal to four pounds of logwood chips. Fustic should be boiled in a sack of open texture. The other ingredients are put into the water. All black goods should be washed in soap-suds after coloring. Let every implement used about coloring be scrupulously clean. In preparing the goods, scour well with soap and water, washing the soap well out and dipping in warm water before placing in the dye. All goods should be well aired, rinsed, and hung out carefully after dyeing. Silks and delicate fabrics must be handled tenderly,- or injury will be done. In case a very large quantity of goods are to be dyed, a slightly smaller proportion of water than the rule above given may be used.", "The \"Family Dyes,\" lately introduced and now kept for sale by all drug- gists, are very convenient and give good results. They are aniline dyes, and come in the form of a powder, put up in papers, and labeled with full Instructions for using. The preparations for using these dyes are very simple, and no experience is required if the instructions are implicitly fol- lowed. The color card shows the exact shade of the color you select, and there is no trouble in experimenting to get the right shade. Besides, the dyes are cheap and the results are equal to those produced by the profes* sional dyer. There are several manufacturers of aniline dyes, and inquiry at the nearest drug store will secure all the information as to prices, colors, etc. that may be desired by any lady.", "Color between Pubplb and Blub fob Wool ob Silk.— For four pounds of goods, take bichromate of potash one ounce, and alum one and a quarter ounces ; dissolve and bring water to boiling point ; put in goods and boil one hour ; then empty dve and make new with one pound logwood (or one- fourth pound extract of logwood), and boll goods in this one hour longer. Use more logwood to make color darker, or less to make it lighter.", "Blb.\\ch for Wool, Silk, or Straw. — Mix one pound oxalic acid, one pound table salt, and twelve gallons water ; lay goods in this mixture for one hour; remove and thoroughly rinse and work.", "Scarlet fob Wool. — For ten pounds flannel or yarn, take two and a half pounds of ground lac dye. one and a half pounds scarlet spirit (see recipeX naif pound tartar, one and one-fifth ounces flavine (or according to shade (620)", "COLORINO AND BLEACHING, 621", "desired), one and a fifth ounces tin crystals, half pound muriatic acid. Bbil all together for fifteen minutes ; cool to 170° Fan. ; put in goods, handling quickry^ at first, then boil one hour, rinse while hot, before gum and im- purities harden. A miaU Quantity of sulphuric acid may be added to tliia recipe, to dissolve gum. Ihis scarlet stands soap better than cochineal.", "Scarlet Spirit. — Two pounds muriatic acid (22° B.), two ounces feathered tin, and one-fourth pound water. Place acid in a stoneware jar, add the tin, let it dissolve, and keep a few days before using. The tin is feathered by melting it ana i)ouriiig it from a heiglit of five or six feet into a pailful of water. This spirit is used in certain colors, particularly scarlets, orange, and pink.", "Cochineal Scarlet. — For five pounds of wool, yarn, or cloth, take two ounces cream' tartar, one and a fourth ounces of pulverized cochineal, (»ne", "gound scarlet spirit; boil. the dye; dip the goods, working them well for fteen minutes; then boil one and a half hours, slowly stirring the goods all the while ; take out, wash in clear water, and drv in doors or in the shade.", "Purple Dye. — For ten pounds of goods, use alum twelve ounces, muriate of tin one teacupful, pulverized cochineal two ounces, cream of tartar eight ounces. Boil the alum, tin, and cream of tartar for twenty minutes ; add the cochineal, and boil five minutes; inmierse the goods two hours ; remove and enter them in a new dye composed of Brazil wood twelve pounds, log- wood two pounds, alum one pounu, muriate of tin two cupsful, adding a little extract of indigo, made as follows :", "Extract of Indigo. — Take oil of vitriol two pounds, and stir into it finely, pulverized indigo eight ounces, stirring briskly for the first half-hour, then cover it up, and stir fouV or five times daily for a few days; then add a little pulverized chalk, stirring it up, and keep adding it as long as it foams. It will neutralize the acid. Keep it closely corked.", "Light Silver Drab. — For ten pounds of goods, use logwood two ounces, aluUi about the same quantity ; boil well, enter tlie goods, and dip them for one hour. Grade the color to any desired shade by using equal parts of logwood and alum.", "Chrome Black for Wool. — For ten pounds of goods, use blue vitriol twelve ounces ; boil it a short time, then dip the wool or fabric three- quarters of an hour, airing frequently ; take out goods, and make a dye with logwood six pounds ; boil half an hour, dip three quarters of an hour ; air the goods, and dip quarter of an hour longer ; wash in strong soap suds. A good fast color.", "Dark Snuff Brown on Wool. — For ten pounds of goods, take camwood two pounds; boil for twenty minutes then dip the goods for three-quarters of an hour; then take tbem out, and add to the dye fustic five pounds: boil twelve minutes, and dip the goods three-quarters of an hour; tiien add blue vitriol two ounces, copperas eight ounces; dip again forty minntes; add more copperas, if the shade is required darker.", "Wine Color Dye. — For ten pounds of goods, use camwood two pounds ; boi> twenty minutes; dip the goods half an hour; boil again, and aip fortv minutes ; then darken with blue vitriol three ounces; and should ,you wish It darker, add one pound of copperas.", "Pink Dye for Wool. — For ten pounds of goods, take alum one pound ; boil, and immerse the goods fifty minutes ; then add to the dye cochineal well pulverized three ounces, cream of tartar twelve ounces ; boil, and enter the goods while boiling, until the color is satisfactory.", "Oranoe Dye. — For ten pounds of goods, use areal ten ounces, muriate of tin two gills ; boil, and dip one hour ; then aad to the dye, fustic five pounds, madder one pint, and dip again forty minutes. If preferred, cochi« neal four ounces may be used instead of the madder, as a better color is induced by it.", "8kt Blue on Cotton. — ^Ten pounds of poods, blue vitriol one pound ! boil a short time, then enter tne goods, dip three hours^ and transfer to a", "622 COLORISG AND BLEACHING,", "bath of strong lime water. A fine broum color will be imparted to the goods if they are then put through a solution of prussiate of potash.", "A Brown Dyb on Wool may be induced by a dec(x:tion of whitd oak bark, with variety of shade accorc^ng to the quantity employed. If the goods be first passed through a solution of alum the color will be brightened.", "Brown on Cotton. — Catecheu, or terra japonica, gives cotton a brown color, blue vitriol turns it on the fmmze, green copperas dcurken* it, when applied as a mordant and the stuff boiled in tne bath boiling hot. Acetate of alumina, as a mordant, brightens it. The French color namcil '^ CarmeliU** is given with catechu one pound, verdigris four ounces, and sal ammoniac five ounceis.", "Brown on Wool and »Silk. — Infusion or decoction of walnut-peels dyes wool and silk brown color, which is briglit«ned by alum. Horse chestnut peels also impart a brown color ; a mordant of muriate of tin turns it on the bronze ; and sugar of lead the reddish-brown.", "SoLiTAiRB. — Sul[>iiate or muriate of manganese, dissolved in water w^ith a little tartaric acid, imparts this l)eautiful bronze tint. The stuff after being put througii tlu* solution must be turned through a weak lye of potash, ana afterward through another of chloride of lime, to brighten and fix it. Prua- state of copper gives a bron::e or yelhwhh-brown color to silk. The piece well- mordanted with blue vitriol imiy be passed through a solution o( pnissiaU of potash.", "Fuller's Purifier for C'I/OTHs. — Dry, pulverize, and sift the following in- gredients: Fuller's earth six pounds, French chalk four ounces, pipeclay one pound; make into a paste with rectified oil of turpentine one ounce, alcohol two ounces, melted oil soap one and a half pounds. Make up the mixture into cakes of any desired size, keeping them in water or small wooden boxes. A less quantity can be made by using same proportions.", "Grbrn on Cotton. — For ten pounds of goods, use fustic two and a half pounds, blue vitriol two and a half ounces, soft soap one pint, and logwood chips four ounces. Soak the logwood over night in a brass vessel ; put it on the fire in the morning, adding the other ingredients. When quite hot it is ready for dyeing; enter the goods at once, and handle well. Different shades may be obtained by letting part of the goods remain longer in the dye.", "Pink Dye for Cotton. — For ten pounds of goods, use redwood one pound, muriate of tin half a pound ; boil the redwood one hour, turn off into a large vessel, add the muriate of tin, and put in the goods ; let it stand a few minutes (five or ten), and a nice pink will be produced. It is quite a fast color.", "Yellow on Silk. — For ten pounds goods, use sugar of lead seven and a half ounces, alum two pounds ; enter the goods, and let them remain twelve hours; remove them, drain, and make a new dye with fustic one pounds. Immerse until the color suits.", "Red Dye for Wool. — For ten pounds of goods, make a tolerably thick l)aste of lac dye and sulphuric acid, and allow it to stand for a day. Now take tartar one pound, tin liquor half a pound, and twelve ounces of the above paste ; make a hot bath with sufficient water, and enter the goods for three-quarters of an hour ; afterwards carefully rinse and dry.", "Yellow on Cotton. — For ten pounds goods, use sugar of lead one pound, dip the goods two hours. Make a new dye with bichromate of potash half a pound; dip until the color suits; wring out and dry ; if not yellow enough, repeat the operation.", "Violet Dye on Silk or Wool. — A good violet dye may be given by pass- ing the goods first through a solution of verdigris, then through a decoction of logwood, and lastly alum water. Xfast violet may be given by dyeing the goods crimson with cochineal, without alum or tartar, and, after rinsing, passing them through the indigo vat. Linens' or aottons are first galled with eighteen per cent, of gall nuts ; next passed through a mordant of alum,", "COLOHINQ ASD BLEACHING. 623", "iron liquor, and sulphate of copper, working them well ; then worked in a madder hath made with an equal weight of root ; and lastly brightened with soap pr soda.", "Slat£ Dye on Silk.— For a small quantit3% take a pan of warm water and about a teacupful of logwood liquor, pretty strong, and a piece of pearl ash the size of a nut; take gray colored goods and handle a little in this liquid, and it is finished. If too nmch logwood is used, the color will be too dark! For a straw color on silk, use swart weed ; boil in a brass vessel, and set with alum.", "L1L.VC Dye on Silk.— For five pounds of silk, use archil seven and a halt pound.s ; mix it well with the liquor; make it ooil quarter of an hour; <])[> the 8ilk quickly, then let it cool, and wash it in river water, and a fine haii- violet, or lilac, more or less full, will be obtained.", "GiiEEN Dye on Silk. — Take green ebony, boil it in water, and let it settle; take tlie clear liquor, as hot as you can bear your hands in it, and handle your goods in it until of a bright yellow ; then take water and put in a little sulphate of indipo ; handle your goods in this till of the shade desired. The ebony may previously be boiled in a bag to prevent it sticking to the silk.", "Brown on Silk. — ^Diss^lve annatto one pound, pearl ash four pounds, in boiling water, and uass the silk through it for two hours; then take it out, squeeze it well ana dry; next give it a mordant of alum, and pass it first through a bath of Brazil-wood, and afterward through a bath of logwood to which a little ^en copperas has been added ; wring it out and dry ; after- ward rinse well.", "Mulberry on Silk. — For five pounds of silk, use alum one poun^ and a quarter; dip fifty minutes; wash out, and make a dye with Brazil-wood five ouncesand logwood one and a quarter ounces, by boiling together; dip in this half an hour ; then add more Brazil-wood and logwood, equal parts, until the color suits.", "Grken Dye on Wool and Silk. — Equal quantities of yellow oak and hickory bark; make a strong yellow bath by ooiling; shade to the desired tint, by adding a small quantity of extract of indigo.", "Orange Dye. — For ten pounds of goods, use sugar of lead half a pound ; boil fifteen minutes ; when a little cool, enter tlie goods, and dip lor two hours ; wring them out, make a fresh dye with bichromate of potash one pound, madder quarter of a pound ; immerse until of the desired color. The shade may be varied bv dipping in lime-water.", "Blue on Cotton. — i\\)r ten pounds of ^oods, use copperas half a pound ; boil, and dip twenty minutes; then dip m soap-suds, and return to the dye three or four times; then make a new bath with prussiate of potash two ounces, oil of vitriol one- third of a pint ; boil half an hour ; rinse out and dry.", "Solverino and Magenta Dyes on White Woolen, Silk, or Cotton and Woolen Mixtures. — For one pound of woolen goods, Magenta shade, ninetv- six grains, a|»othecarie.s' weight, of aniline red will be required ; dissolve In a little warm alculiol, u.sing — say — six fluid ounces of alcohol, or about six p:ills alcohol, per ounce of aniline. Many dj'ers use wood spirit, because of its cheapness. For a Solferino shade use sixty-four grains aniline red, dis- solved in four ounces alcohol, to each pound of goods. Cold water, one quart, will dissolve these small quantities of aniline red, but the cleanest and quickest way will be found by using the alcohol or wood spirit. Clean the cloth and goods by steeping, at a gentle heat, in weak soap suds; rinse in several messes of clean water, and lay aside moist. The alcoholic solution of aniline is to be added from time to time to the warm or hot dye bath, till the color on the goods is of the desired shade. The goods are to be removed from the dye bath before each addition of the alcoholic solution, and the bath is t<) be well stirred before the goods arc returned. The alcoholic solu- tion should be first dropped into a little water, and well mixed, and the mixture should then be strained into the dye batn. If the color is not dark", "624 COLORING AND BLEACHJNQ", "enough after workins frum twenty to thirty minutes, repeat the .removal of the goods from the oath and the addition of the solution, and the re-im- mersion of the goods from fifteen to thirty minutes more, or until suited ; then remove from the bath and rinse in several messes of clean water, and dry in the shade. Use about four gallons water for dye bath for one pound of goods ; less water for larger quantities.", "LiQxnD Dye Colors. — 1. Blue. — Dilute Saxon blue, or sulphate of indigo, with water. If required for delicate work, neutralize with chalk.* 2. Purple. — Add a little alum to a strained decoction of logwood. .3. Green. — ^Dissolve sap green in water, and add a little alum. 4. Yellow. — Dissolve annatto in a weak lye of subcarbonate of soda, or potash. 5. Golden cotor.^5teep French l)orries in hot water, strain, and add a little gum and alum. 6. Red. — Dis- solve carmine in ammonia, or in weak carbonate of potash water; or infuse powdered cochineal in water, strain, and add a little gum in water. The preceding colors, thickened with a little gum, may be used as inks in writing, or as colors to tint maps, foils, artificial tlowers, etc., or to paint on velvet.", "To Cleanse Wool. — Make a hot bath composed of water four parts, urine one part; enter the wool, opening it out toadmit the full action otthe liquid ; after twenty minutes' immersion, remove from the liquid, and allow it to drain; then rinse it in clean running water, and spread out to dry. The liquid is good for subsequent operations ; only keep up the propertions, and use no soap.", "Violet Dye on Straw Bonnets. — Take alum four pounds, tartaric acid one pound, chloride of tin one pound. Dissolve and boil; allow the hats to remain in the boiling solution two hours; then add as much of a decoction of logwood and carmine of indigo as is requisite to induce the desired shade ; and lastly, rinse finally in w^ater in which some alum has been dissolved.", "SiLVEB*^ Gray Dye on Straw. — For five hats — select the whitest hats, and soften them in a bath of crystallized soda, to which some clean lime water has been added, (See ** Lime water.^') Boil for two hours, in a large vessel, using for bath a decoction of the following, viz. : alum one pound, tartaric acid one-tenth of a pound, some ammoniacal cochineal, and carmine of in- digo ; a little sulphuric acid may be necessary in order to neutralize the alkali of the cochineal dye. If the last^mentioned ingredients are used, let tlie hats remain- for an hour longer in the boiling bath, then rinse in slightly acidulated water.", "Lime Water for Dyers' Use. — Put stone lime one pound, and strong lime- water one and a half pounds, into a pail of water; rummage well for seven or eight minutes; then let it rest until the lime is precipitated and the water clear; add this quantity to a tubful of clear water.", "Aniline Green on Silk. — Iodine green, or night green, dissolves easilv in warm water. For a liquid dye, one pound may be dissolved in one gallon alcohol, and mixed with two gallons water containing one ounce sulphuric acid.", "To Dye Aniline Scarlet. — ^For every ten pounds of goods dissolve half a pound white vitriol (sulphate of zinc), at 180® Fall. ; place the goods into tins bath for ten minutes; then add the color, prepared by boiling for a few minutes, quarter of a pound aniline scarlet in tnree-quarters of a gallon water, stirring the same continually. This solution has to be filtered before being added to the bath. The goods remain in the latter for fifteen minutes, when they have become browned, and must be boiled for another half hour in the same bath after the addition of sal-ammoniac. The more of this is added the deeper will be the shade.", "Bismarck Brown for Dyeing. — Mix together one pound Bismarck, five", "Sallons water, and three-quarters of a pound sulphuric acid. This paste issolves easily in hot water, and may be used directly for dyeing. A liquid dye may be prepared by making the oulk of the above mixture to two gal- lons, wfth afcohol. To dye with the above mixture, sour with sulphurio acid ; add a quantity of sulphate of soda, immerse the wool, and aad the", "COLORING AND BLEACHING. 625", "color by small portions, keeping the temperature under 212** Fah. Very in- teresting shades may be developed by combining the color with indigo paste or picric acid.", "To Dye Wool with Aniune Green. — For wool, prepare two baths— one containing the dissolved dye and a quantity of carbonate of soda or borax. In this the wool is placed, and the temperature is raised to 212^ Fah. A", "f ravish green is produced, which must be Drightened and fixed in a second ath of water 100^ Fah., to which some acetic acid has been added. Cotton requires preparation by sumac.", "Aniline Blub. — To ten pounds of fabric, dissolve two ounces aniline blue in three-tenths of a quart hot alcohol ; strain through a filter, and add it to a bath of 130° Fah. ; also one pound glauber stilts, and half a pound acetic acid : enter the goods, and handle them well for twenty minutes ; next heat it slowly to 200° Fah. ; then add half a pound sulphuric acid diluted with water ; let the whole boil twenty minutes longer ; then rinse and dry. If the aniline be added in two or three proportions during the process of coloring, it will facilitate the evenness of the color.", "Aniline Bed. — Inclose the aniline in a small muslin bag; have a kettle <tin or brass) tilled with moderately hot water, and rub the substance out; tlien immerse the goods to be colored, and in a short time they are done. It improves the color to wring the goods out of strong soap-suds before putting them in the dye. This is a permanent color on wool or silk.", "Aniline Violet and Purple. — Acidulate the bath by sulphuric acid, or use sulphate of soda— both those substances render the shade bluish. Dye at 212° Fah. To give a fair middle shade to ten pounds of wool, a quantity of solution equal to one-half to three-quarters of an ounce of the solid dye will be required. The color of the dyed fabric is improved by washing in soap and water, and then passing through a bath soured by sulphuric acid.", "Aniline Black for Dyking.— Water twenty to thirty parts, chlorate of potassa one part^ sal-ammoniac one part, chloride of copper one part, aniline hydrochloric acid one part, previously mixed together. It is essential that the preparation should be acid, and the more acid it is the more rapid will be the production of the blacks; if too much so, it may injure the fabric", "Aniline Brown Dye. — Dissolve one pound of the browni in two gallons of spirit, specific gravity 8200 ; add a sufficient quantity to the dye bath, and immerse the fabric. Wool possesses a very strong affinity foi this color, and no mordant is required.", "To Bleach Feat hkrs.— Place the feathers from three to four hours in a tepid dilute solution of bichromate of potassa, to which, cautiously, some nitric acid has been added (a small quantity only). To remove a greenish bue induced by this solution, place them in a dilute solution of sulphuric acid, in water, whereby the feathers become perfectly white and bleached.", "To Clean Straw Bonnets. — First brush tnem with soap and water, then with a solution of oxalic acid.", "Crimson for Silk. — For one pound of silk, alum three ounces; dip, at hand-heat, one hour; take out, and drain, while making a new dye, by boiling ten minutes, c<ichineal three ounces, bruised gall-puts two ounces, and cream of tartar half an ounce, in one pail of water; when a little cool, beKin to dip, raising the heat to a boil, continuing to dip one hour; wash and dry.", "Cinnamon or Brown on Cotton and Silk.— Give' the goods as much color from a solution of blue vitriol (two ouces to water one ^Uon) as it will take up in dipping fifteen minutes; then run it through lime-water; this will make a beautiful sky-blue of much durability; it has now to be run through a solution of prussiate of pota.*«h, one ounce to water one gallon.", "To Color Straw H.\\ts or Bonnets a Beautiful Slate.— First soak the bonnet in rather stwng warm suds for fifteen minutes, to remove sizing or stiffening ; then rinse in warm water, to get out the soap ; now scald cnd- he&T one ounce in sufficient water to cover the hat or bonnet; work the", "626 COLORING AND BLEACHIXO.", "hat or bonnet ki this dye, at 180° of heat, until you get a light-purpLe ; now have a bucket of cold water^ blued with the extract of indigo half an ounce, and work or stir the bonnet in this until the tint pleases ; dry, then rinse out with cold water, and dry aeain in the shade. If you get the purple too deep in shade, the final slate will be too dark.", "To Clean Ostrich Feathers. — Cut some white curd soap in small pieces; pour boiling water on them, and add a litUe pearl ash. When the soap is quite dissolved and the mixture cool enuugh for the hand to bear, phin^ tne feathers into it, and draw them tlirough the hand till the dirt ai^iears squeezed out of them; pass them tli%>ugh a clean lather with some blue in it ; then rinse them in cold water with blue, to give them a good color. Beat them against the hand, to siiake off the water, and dry by shaking them near a fire. When i>erfectly dry, coil each fiber separately with a blunt knife or ivory folder.", "To Clean Furs. — For dark furs, warm a quantity of new bran in a pan, taking care that it does not burn, to prevent which it must be briskly stirred. When well warmed, rub it thoroughly into the fur with the hand. Repeat this two or three times; then shake the fur, and give it another sharp brush- ing, until free from dust. For white furs, lay them on a table, and rub well with bran made moist with wami water; rub until quit« dry, and afterward with dry bran. The wet bran should be put on with flannel; then dry with book muslin. Light furs, in addition to the above, sh*ould be well rubbed witli magnesia, or a piece of book muslin, after the bran process, against the way of the fur.", "(/HIP OR Straw Hats or Bon.vkts may be dyed black by boiling them three or four hoars in a strong liquor of logwood, adding a' little copperas occasionally. Let the bonnets remain in the liquor all night; then take out to dry in the air ; if the black is not satisfactory, dye again after drjing. Kub inside and out with a spon^ moistened in fine oil; then block. Red Dye. — Boil ground Brazil-wood in a lye of pota.sh, and boil your straw hats, etc., in it. Blue Dye. — Take a sufficient quantity of potash lye, one pound of litmus, or lacmus, ground ; make a decoction, and then put in the straw, and boil it. «", "Method op Bleaching Straw. — Dip the straw in a .solution of oxygenated muriatic acid saturated with i)Otash. (Oxygenated muriate of lime is much cheaper.) The straw is thus rendered very white, and its flexibility is in- crease<i.", "Bleaching Straw Goods. — Straw is bleached by simplv exposing it in a closed chamber to the fumes of burning sulphur — an old flour barrel is the apparatus most*used for the purpose by milliners, a flat stone being laid on the ground, the sulphur ignited thereon, and the barrel, containing the goods to be bleached, turned over it. The goods should be previouslj washed hi pure water.", "Varnish for Faded Rubber Qoods. — Black Japan vaniish diluted -with a little linseed oil.", "To Bleach Linen. — Mix common bleaching powder in the proportion of one pound to a gallon of water ; stir it occasionally for three davs ; let it settle, and p^jur it off clear Then make a lye of one pound of soda to one gallon of boiling soft water, ir which soak the linen for twelve hours, and Doil it half an hour. Next soak it in the bleaching lic^uor, made as above; and, lastly, wash it in the usual manner. Discolored linen or muslin may be restored by putting a portion of bleaching liquor into (he tub wherein the articles are soaking.", "Dye for Feathers. — Black — Immerse for two or three days in a bath, at first hot, of logwood eight parts, and copperas, or acetate of iron, one part. Blue — with the indigo vat Brown — by using any of the brown dyes for silk or woolen. Crimson — a mordant of alum, followed by a hot bath of Brazil- wood, afterward by a weak dye of cudbear. Pirik or Rose — with safflower or lemon juice. Flumr-vfith the red dye, followed by an alkaline bath. Red", "COLORING AND BLEACHING. • 627", "mordant of alum, followed by a bath of Brazil-wood. YeUow — a mordant of alum, followed by a bath of turmeric or weld. Oreen Dye — take of verdigris and verditer,of each one ounce, gum water one pint; mix them well, and dip the feathers, they having been first soaked in hot water, into the said mix- ture. For Purple, use lake and indigo. For Carnation, Vermillion and smalt. Thin gum or starch water should be used in dyeing feathers.", "Colors for Artificial Flowers. — The French employ velvet, fine cambric, And kid for the petals, and talfeta for the leaves. Very recently thin plates of bleached whalebone have been used for some portions of the artificial flowers. Colors and Stains : — Blue — Incngo, dissolved in oil of vitriol, and the acid partly neutralized with salt of tartar or whiting. Green — a solution? of distilled verdigris. Lilac — liquid archil. iJ<J(i— carmine dissolved in a solution of salt oi tartar, or in spirits of hartshorn. Violet— rliquid archil, mixed with a little salt of tartar. Yellow — tincture of turmeric. The colors are generally applied with the fingers.", "Black Varnish for Chip and Straw Hats. — Best alcohol four ounces, pulverized black sealing-wax one ounce ; ^ut them into a phial, and put the", "Shial into a warm place, stirring or shaking occasionally until the wax is isHolved. Apply it, when warm, before the fire or in the sun. This makes a beautiful gloss.", "Dyf^ for Furs. — Brown — use tincture \"of logwood. lUd — ground Brazil- wood half a pound, water one and a half quarts, cochineal half an ounce ; boil the Brazil-wood in the water one hour ; strain and add the cochineal ; boil fifteen minutes. Scarlet color — boil lialf an ounce saffron in half a pint of water, and pass o\\^r the work before applying the red. Blue — logwood seven ounces, blue vitriol one ounce, water twenty-two ounces; boil. Purpfc— logwood eleven ounces, alum six ounces, water twenty-nine ounces. Green — strong vinegar one and a half pints, best verdigris twa ounces (ground fine), sap green one-quarter of an ounce ; mix all together, and beil.", "To Raise a Nap on Cioth, — Clean the article well ; soak it in cold water for half an hour ; put it on a board, and rub the thread-bare parts with a balf-worn hatter^s card filled with flocks, or with a teazle, or a prickly tbistilir \\iiitil a nap is raised ; then lay the nap the right way with a hatter's brush, and hang up to dry.", "Fine Claret for Wool. — Boil thirteen pounds of goods two hours with seven pounds of camwood, one-tenth pound logwood, and one fourth pound of copperas to darken.", "Russian Brown for Wool. — For thirteen pounds goods, boil two pounds fustic and four pounds camwood an hour, and if too light color, add one- tenth pound each copperas and alum to darken.", "Bottlf^oreen for vV ool. — Boil ten pounds wool with one-tenth pound chrome and one-fifth pound alum ; take out, put in a vessel of clean water tliree pounds fustic and one and a half pounds logwood, and boil another hour,", "Bu\\CK for Wool. — For twenty-five pounds of goods, boil g(X)ds in a solu- tion of five-eights pounds each bichromate potash and blue vitriol, and one-half pound argol, one hour; take out, re-fill kettle with clean water, and add three pounds dissolved extract of logwood ; i>ut in goods, and simmer one hour and a half; take out, rinse, scour with soap, and dry. This makes a blue-black. To make a jet-black, add tliree pounds fustio with the logwood.", "Blue for Cotton. — Put ten 'po^r^ds cotton, two and a half pounds cop- peras, in ti/teen to twenty gallons water, and boil two hours ; after boiling, take out, rinse in clear water, re-fill kettle with water, and add one-half pound prussiate of potash. Boil goods in this half an hour, lift out goods, and slowly add one half pound oil of vitriol; return goods, and boil half an hour. Rfnse in clear water, and dry.", "Gbeen fob Cotton. — Add eight pounds fustic and one-hall pound alum", "628 . COLORING ASD BLEACHING,", "to the blue mixture of the preceding rule, put in goods, and simmer until the required shade of green is obtained.", "Chromjb- YELLOW FOR CoTTON.— For fifteen pounds cotton goods or yarns, dissolve eight ounces of white sugar of lead in one tub, and eight ounces of chrome in another. Put goods first in with sugar of lead, wring out ffoods well, and shake bark into the liquid again, repeating tlie operation fire times (in onler to make the goods absorb as much color as posaible); then put them through the chrome tub in the same wav ; tlien return again to the sugar of lead tub ; treat as Xyiiore ; rinse off well, and dry. To make a dark shade, use brown sugi^ of lead, repeating three times in the sugar of lead and twice in the chrome.", "A Good Black fob Cotton. — To a tub of cold water add, for twenty pounds goods, five pounds sumac ; wring and shake out goods, and returii to liquid a few times; let stand all niglit in sumac: then to another tub of water add a few pails of lime-water; put in goods, wring out, and put into another tub of coid water iu which is two pounds of dissolved cop* peras and a pailful of old 8umac liquor; wring out six times; wring out* and put into the lime-tub again, adding two more pails of lime-water. Prepare another tub of water, and adding to it six pounds of logwood and one pound of fustic previously scalded ; put in the cotton, and wring out and return ten times; lift out, darken liquid with a little copperas, and re- turn the goods. The omission of the sumac gives a purplish black, while the recipe as above gives a jet black.", "To Dye Blue. — A very beautiful biue may be produced in an hour by the following process: \" For each pound of material* take two and a half ounces of alum and one and a half of cream tartar. Boil them together in a bra^s or copper kettle for about an hour. Take sufficient warm water to cover the' floods, and color it to the shade you Tiiay desire with chemic blue. Put all mto the copper kettle, and boil it a short time, taking care to keep it stirred all the time ; remove the cloth, wash in clear cold water, and hang up to dry.\"", "Royal Blub fob Silk.— Take ten pounds of silk, make up a tub of nitrate of iron at six decrees, to which add one pint of good muriate of tin and four ounces of tartaric acid ; wring out and return, repeating for about an hour; in another tub, add one and a half ;)ounds of dissolved prussiate and one gill of oil of vitriol. Wash goods out of iron tub, and put into prussiate tub ; repeat in iron twice and once in prussiate ; wash out of the iron, and put in a tub in which oil of vitriol, until it tastes sour, has been dissolved; jrive six wrings to clear of any rust that may adhere to it. More prussiate will produce a darker, and a less a lighter color, but the same quantity of iron and tin must be used.", "Yellow-bbown for Woolen YABN.—For ten bunches, dye with tw^o pounds of camwood, five pounds fustic, and one each of logwood and cop- peras.", "ScABLET FOB Woolen Yabn.— Boil eight pounds yarn one hour with one- half pound cochmeal, two pounds of young fustic,\" seven-tenths of a pound of white or brown tartar, three-tenths of a quart of oxalic muriate of tin.", "Purple for Ladies' Cloth.— For twenty-five vards goods, boil two and a half hours with ten pounds of alum, two pounds of argol, and one-fourth of a quart nitrate of tin; wash well, and finish with seven and a half pounds logwood and one pound of peach-wood in a clean vessel. Put in oool in fimshmg, and heat to boiling-point", "When people fall 9ick they seem to lose what little common sense they poesessed when well. Men and women who are reasonably wise aiKl rea- sonable in other matters, cherish the most absurd superstitions, and follow the advice of the most transparent quacks when it comes to disease and medicine. A little reflection will convince any reasonable person that no single medicine will cure all diseases, indeed no medicine will cure the same disease in different persons, and in different stages. Any candid physician will admit that the use of medicines by the most skillful and ex- perienced practitioner, is, to a great extent, an experiment. What is \"one man's meat is another*8 poison,'* and even the best physician needs to know the constitution of the patient, and to study the symptoms of disease before he can prescribe safely, to say nothixu; of curing the disease. And yet there are intelligent men and women who buy patent nostrums, and pour them down their throats, knowing nothing of the disease, or of the prob- able effect of the alleged remedy. For instance, a child has a cough and a ** cough remedy\" is purchased and dealt out. Now, there are many kinds of coughs. The cough may be \"dry,\" or it may be \"loose;\" the symptoms may differ in various ways, and yet the \" cough remedy \" given for a \" dry\" cough may be intended for a \"loose\" one, and so all the symptoms may be aggravated, perhaps, with a fatal result. The physician's advice and ex- perience is chiefly valuable to tell us what the disease is and the best pos- sible treatment for it It is dangerous in the extreme to administer any powerful remedy, or any medicine the noiure and effect of which are not knotvnf without the advice of some one wh", "For Colds, drink hot pennyroyal tea.", "Glycerine is excellent to rub on chafes, bums, or chapped hands or sun scalds.", "For Burns.— Lime-water, olive-oil, and glycerine, equal parts; applied on lint", "Liniment. — Three ounces each of tincture of opium, camphorated oil, and soap liniment.", "For Jaundice. — The yolk of an egg, raw or slightly cooked, is excellent food in jaundice.", "For Quinsy, gargle with water as hot as can be borne. This gives great relief, even in severe cases.", "Liniment. — The common May-weed blossoms put in alcohol are much floperior to arnica for the same use.", "TO Check Vomiting — Give a tea-spoon of whole black mustard seed. A table-spoon may be given in severe cases.", "630 MEDICAL.", "For Sick Headache.— Whenever the symptoms are felt coming on, drink A cupful of thorough wort or boneset-tea.", "For Stiff Joints. — Oil made by trying up common angle worms, is ex- cellent to apply to sinews drawn up by sprains or disease.", "pLErRisY.--<5iled silk placed over the chest of those siifTering from pneumonia or pleurisy, will give great relief and hasten recovery.", "For Rheumatism. — To one pint alcohol, add one table-spoon pulverized potash, and a lump of gum-camphor the size of a walnut. Use as a liniment", "Chronic Diarrhcea is cured by drinking orange-peel tea; sweeten with loaf-sugar, and use as a common drink for twenty-four to thirty-six hours.", "To Stop Bleeding. — Apply wet tea-leaves, or scrapings of sole-leather to a fresh cut and it will stop the bleeding, or apply a paste of flour and vinegar.", "To Stop Blebdino at the Nose. — Bathe the feet in very hot water, drink- ing at the same time a pint of cayenne pepper tea, or hold both arms above the head.", "For Dressing Cuts, Woi'nds or Sores. — Surgeon's solution of carbolic acid and pure glycerine mixed in equal parts, and applied on soft lint or linen cloth.", "Dirt in the Eye. — ^To remove .specks of dirt from the eye, immerse the eye in cool water, then wink and roll the eyeball until the desired result is accomplished.", "Hoarseness. — It is said hoarseney may be relieved by using the white of an egg, thoroughly beaten, mixed v»%h lemon-juice and sugar. Take a tea- spoon ful occasionally.", "Remedy for Piles. — Mix a tea-spoon of sulphur with a tea-cup of milk, and take twice a dav, morning ana night, until improvement takes- place; then take occasionally.", "Wound from Ru.st\"y Nail. — Smoke this or any inflamed wound over the fume of burning woolen cloth, wool or sugar, for fifteen minutes, and the pain will be taken out.", "For Sprains. — ^The white of an egg, and salt mixed to a thick paste is one of the best remedies for sprains, or bruises, or lameness, for man or beast. Rub well the part affecto<l.", "To Prevent Sea-Sickness. — Make a pad of wool or horse hair, and bind over the stomach. Brandy and water, very weak, is the best remedy tc allay the heat and irritation.", "A Valuable Liniment. — One ounce wormwood to one pint alcohol. Or, bruise the green stalks of wormwood, moisten with vinegar, and apply tc the sprain. Good for man or beast.", "To Relieve Asthma. — Wet blotting-paper in strong solution of salt* petre, dry it, and burn a piece three incnes square on a plate in sleeping- room, anil it will afford quick relief. ,", "Manna and Milk. — Take a quart of fresh skim milk, and boil in it one ounce of manna; drinking this quantity cool, in small draughts, at intervals during the day, is go(xi for consumptives.", "To Prevent Skin from Discoloring after a Bruise. — Apply immedi- ately, or as soon as possible, a little dry starch or arrow-root, moistened with cold' water, or rub over with common table butter.", "Sick Headache. — Elixir of guarana, prepared by Brewer & Co., Spring- field, Mass. Take one tea-spoon every half liour until four have been takeOi on tlie first intimation that the headache is coming on.", "Hot Water for a Cough. — For a tight, hoarse cough, where phlegm is not raised, or with difficulty, take tiot water often, as hot as can be sipped. This will be found to give immediate and permanent relief.", "Sprains or Lameness. — Two ounces camphorated spirits, two ounces sweet oil, two ounces ammonia, two ounces chloroform ; shake well before using, and rub it in by a fire. It is very excellent for a family liniment", "Cherokee Liniment. *-One ounce gum-camphor, dissolved in alcohol, one", "MEDICAL. 631", "ounce each of spirits turpentine, sweet oil, heihlock oil, origan uin oil, and cedar oil, two ounces spirits hartshorn. Use externally. Shake well before using.", "For Burns or Bruisbs. — Apply peach-tree leaves, the smooth side next the skin, and bind theiu on. JPor burns, when there is danger of mortifi- cation, or even if it has already set in, bind on strips of cloth dipped in clean tar.", "Salve for Cuts and Burns. — To one-half pound of sweet lard add one- fourth pound of beeswax and the same of resin ; beat all together till well mixed ; pour in a little tin box. Apply a little to the wound on a soft cotton cloth.", "For Ivy Poisoning.— A simple and effectual remedy for ivy poisoning, is said to be sweet spirils of nitre. Buthc the affected parts two or three times during the day, and the next morning scarcely any trace of the poison - will remain.", "For the Lungs.— A quart (or less if too strong) of tar, stirred six min- utes in a gallon of water, and one-fourth, or a tumbler, taken four times a day, an hour or two after meals, is said to clear the lungs, and give greater ease in public speaking.", "SLEKPLES.<<Ness. — Wet a cloth in cold water, and lay it on the back of the neck. Fold a towel smoothly over it, and very often it will soothe the \"weary brain, and quiet the nerves better than an opiate. It is particularly useful in case of a dull headache.", "Bee Stings. — Anv atsorbent will giv^ relief from bee stings, but perhaps nothing is more effectual than lean raw meat. The sting of a bee or wasp may be almost instantly relieved by it. It is said to cure the bite of a rattlesnake, and relieve erysipelas.", "For a Cold. — Cayenne pepper-tea for a cold. Put a quarter of a tea- spoon of cayenne pepper in a tea-cup; pour over hot water and sweeten with sugar. Or, steep horseradish in a gill of vinegar, add a gill of honey, and take a tea-spoon every twenty minutes.", "Paste for Sckap-Books. — Corn-flour makes the best ptiste for scrap-b<x)ks. Dissolve a small qiiautity in cold water, then cocjk it thoroughly. Be careful not to get it too tliick. When cold, it should be thin enough to apply witU a brush. It will not mould or stain the paper.", "Blackened Eye.— Should the eye or any other part be blackened by a fall or blow, apply a cloth wrung out of very vvarm water, and renew it until the pain ceases. The moLsture and heat liquefy the blood, and send it back to its proper channel. Never use cold water to a brui?*.'.", "For Erysipelas. — A simple jwultice made' from cranberries pounded fine, and applied in a raw state, is said to be a certain cure ; or slip off the outer bark of eider, break up the wood with the inner bark, and steep in buttermilk; drink and auply to the parts affected.", "For Sorb Throat. — Take five cents worth of chlorate of potash, dissolve, and take a tea-spoon every hour, and also gargle with it. Or, to a tea-cup vinegar add salt and cayenne jiepper, making it as strong as can be taken (some add a little pulverized alum), and gargle often with it.", "Burns. — Common baking soda — the bicarbonate — has been found to cure burns or scalds, affording immediate relief when it is promptly applied. For a dry burn, the soda should be made into paste with water. For a scald or wet burned surface, the powdered soda (or borax will do as well) should be dusted on.", "To Relieve Toothache. — Apply powdered alum, or fill mouth with warm water, and immediately after with cold ; or saturate a piece of cotton with a strong .solution of ammonia, and apply to the tooth. For toothache and inflamed face caused by it, apply a poultice of pounded slippery-elm bark and cold water.", "A Good Cure for Colds is to boil two ounces of flaxseed in one quart of water; strain and add two ounces of rock candy, one-half pint of honey,", "632 MEDICAL.", "Juice of three lemons; mix, and let all boil well ; let cool, and bottle. Dose — One cupful before bed, one-half cupful before meals. The hotter you drink it the better.", "Tapb Worms are said to be removed by refraining from supper and break- fast, and at eight o*clock taking one-third part of two hundred minoed pumpkin seeds, the shells of which have been removed by hot water; at nine take another third, at ten the remainder, and follow it at eleven vdth strong dose of castor-oil.", "For Cold in the Head. — As soon as you feel that you have a cold in the head, put a tea-spoonful of sugar in a goblet, and on it put six drops of cam- phor, stir it, and fill the glass half full of water; stir, till the sugar is dis- solved, then take a dessert-spoonful every twenty minutes. This is a sure cure if taken as directed.", "To Prevent Takincj Cold.— If out in cold weather with insufficient clothing or wrappings, fold a newspaper and spread across the chest. Per- sons having weak lungs can in this way make for themselves a very cheap and perfect lung protector. Large papers spread between quilts at night, add much to the warmth.", "Salve. — The following is an excellent salve for burns, cuts, or sores of long standing: Take equal parts of melted beeswax, mutton suet, pulverized resin, burnt alum, honey, Venice of turpentine, sweet-oil. C<X)k over a slow fire all together. Stir till it commences to thicken; then strain through a cloth and pour in earthen boxes.", "Catarrh Cold. — ^Ten drops carbolic acid, and seven and a half each of iodine and chloroform ; heat a few drops over a spirit lamp in a test tube, holding the mouth of the tube to the nostrils as soon a^ volatization is ef- fected. Repeat every two minutes, until the patient sneezes a number of times, when the troublesoiup symptoms will disappear.", "Neuralgia. — One- half drachm sal-ammonia in one ounce of camphor- water. Take a tea-spoon several times, five minu*es apart, until relieved. Another simple remedy is horseradish. Grate, and mix it in vinegar, the same as for table purposes, and apply to the temple when the face or head is affected, or the wrist, when the pain is in the arm or shoulder.", "Whooping Cough. — Mix one lemon sliced, half pint flax-seed, two ounces honey, and one quart water, and simmer, not boil, four hours; strain when cool, and if there is less than a pint of the mixture, ad<^ water. Dose:", "gives the following: **Once a week invariaWy- ^enerally when we had cold meat minced — I gave the children a dinner which IS hailed with delight, and looked forward to; this is a dish of boiled onions. The little things knew that they were taking the best of medicine for expel- ling what most children suffer from — worms. Mine were kept free by this remedy alone.'*", "Fob Sore Throat use as a remedy one ounce of camphorated oil and five cents worth of chlorate of potash. Whenever anj' soreness appears in the throat, put the potash in half a tumbler of water, and with it gargle the throat thoroughly, then rub the neck thoroughly with the camphorated oil at night before going to bed, and also pin around the throat a small strip of woolen flannel.", "Eye Wash. — Sulphate of zinc two grains, sulphate of mornhine one-half prain, distilled water one ounce ; mix, and bottle. Drop in tne eye (a drop or two at once,) then wink the eye several times, so that the wash may reacn all the parts; and keep quiet and do not use the eyes for about an hour. This wash is for blood-shot eyes, and when used it will produce quite a smarting sensation.", "Coxklin's Salve. — One pound of resin, two ounces mutton tallow, one of beeswax, one-half gill alcoholic spirits, add a little of the gum of balsam; boil all together slowly, until it has done rising or foaming, or until it begins", "MEDICAL. 633", "to appear clear. Pour the mixture into a pail of cold water, and when it", "f others, take it oat, roll on boards and cut it off. Care must be taken not to urn it. Moisten the hands in brandy while working.", "Mustard Plaster. — Mix with boiling water, vinegar, or white of an egg (the latter is best when a blister is not wanted) to consistency the same as if for the table. Some add a little flour when not wanted so strong. Spread on half a thin muslin cloth, cover with the other half, or put on cloth, and put over it a thin piece of gauze ; apply, and when removed, wash the skin with a soft sponge, and apply a little sweet cream or oil.", "Sprains.— -If a sprain is nothing more than a sprain — that is, if no bonea are broken or put out — wrap the part in several folds of flannel which has been wrung out of hot water, and cover it with a dry bandage, and rest it for some days, or even weeks. Entire rest at first, and- moderate rest after- ward, are absolutely necessary after a sprain. If it is in the ankle, the foot should be raised as nigh as may be comfortable; if in the wrist, it should be carried in a sling.", "French Remedy for Consumption. — One-half pound finely cut up fresh beefsteak; one drachm pulverized charcoal; four ounces pulverized sugar; four ounces rye whisky; one pint boiling water. Mix all together, let it stand in a cool place over night, and give from one to two tea-spoons liquid and meat before each meal. The dose should be small at first, until the stomach becomes used to it, and then gradually increased. This remedy has the merit of simplicity.", "Cough Mixture.— Dissolve one-fourth pound gum-arabic in half-pint boil- ing water, add a half tea-cup sugar and honey, and two table-spoons lemon juice, steep for five or ten minutes; bottle and cork, add water, and take; or boil one ounce each of licorice-stick and anise-seed, and half ounce senna in one ouart of water, ten minutes; strain, add two tea-cups molasses or honey, ooil down to a pint and then bottle ; or, to one pint whisky add one-half pound rock candy and two ounces glycerine.", "Drunkenness. — There is a prescription in use in England for the cure of drunkenness, by which thousands are said to have been assisted in recovering themselves. It is as follows: Sulphate of iron, five grains; peppermint water, eleven drachms; spirit of nutmeg, one drachm; twice a day. This preparation acts as a stimulant and tonic, and partially supplies the place of the accustomed liquor, and prevents that absolute physical and moral pros- tration that follows a sudden cessation from the use of stimulating dnnks.", "Catarrh. — ^Wet and cold at the surface of the body is a cause of catarrh, but the most fruitful source is wet and cold feet, and yet there is nothing more easy to avoid. Warm socks, horse-hair soles, and goloshes will always keep the feet dry and warm. It does not seem to be understood that although a boot or shoe may not leak, yet if the sole is damp, it by evaporation con- ducts away the heat from the foot, and ought never to be worn when not exercising. The neck should be covered lightly, but too much covering pre- disposes to catarrhal troubles by causing congestion of the membrane anected in this disease. Bed-rooms ought to be well aired, and warmed if possible, by an open fire, in damp, chilly weather.", "Bllsters for Diphtheria. — The method of treating that form of pul- monary consumption which consists in ulceration in the substance of the lungs, by means of blisters on the chest, and thus giving an artificial outlet to the humors which otherwise dischar^ from the lungs, has been succes-s- fully applied to various other diseases in which vital or^ns were attacked. Even various forms of internal inflammation may in tlus way be drawn to the exterior, and the latest auplication of this method has been made with diphtheria. The new method is to blister the chest of the patient suffering from diphtheria, and the ulceration which otherwise takes place in the throat, will appear on the chest, while the throat becomes free.", "Healixg Salve for Wounds. — Pint olive-oil, half ounce common resin, half ounce beeswax ; melt well together, and bring oil to boiling heat ; add 40", "634 MEDICAL.", "gradually of pulverized red lead — three-eighths of a pound (for summer use a tnfle more lead); in a short time after it is taken up by the oil, and the mixture l)ecome» brown or w shining black, ruinovc from the fire, and when nearly cold add two scruples pulverized cinnplior. It should remain on the fire until it attains a pro|)er consistency for spreading, wiiich may be known b^^ dipping a splint or knife in the mixture from time to time, and allowing it to cool. When used spread thinly on a piece of tissuc-|>aper or old, fine linen. Excellent for frost sores or any kind that are hard to heal.", "How TO Distinguish Rashbs. — Measles appear as a number oi dull red spots, in many places running into each other, and is usually first seen aoout the face and on the forehead, near the roots of the hair, and is often precedod by running of the eyes and nose, and all the signs of severe cold. Scarlet fever appears first about the neck and chest, but not unfrequeiitly at the bend of the elbow or under the knee, and is usually preceded by sore throat. It can be distinguished from roseola — a mild disease, which is some- times mistaken for it — by the bright red color of the skin, which appears not unlike a boiled lobster. In chicken-pox the symptom is attenaw by fever, the spots are smaH, separate pimples, and come generally over the whole body.", "CuBKB Brrries for Catarrh. — A new remedv for catarrh is crushed cubeb berries smoked in a pipe, emitting the smoke through the nose; after a few trials this will be easy to do. If the nose is stopped up so that it is almost impossible to breathe, one pipeful will make the head as clear as a bell. For sore throat, asthma, and bronchitis, swallowing the smoke effects imme- diate relief. It is the best remedy in the world for offensive breath, and will make the most foul breath pure and sweet. Sufferers from that horrid dis- ease, ulcerated catarrh, will find this remedy unequaled, and a month's use will cure the most obstinate case. A single trial will convince any one. Eating the uncrushed berries is also good for sore throat and all bronchial complaints. After smoking, do not expose yourself to cold air for at least fifteen minutes.", "Sure Cure for Croup. — Boil pigs' feet in water, without salt, and let it stand over night ; in the morning skim off the fat (which will be formed in a cake on top), put in a tin pan, boil until all water is evaporated; bottle, and keep for use. Give a tea-spoon every fifteen minutes on the appearance", "of the first symptoms, and apply freely to chest and throat, rubbing well.", "tliat a child can not have the croup if pi oil is administered at the first symptoms. Or, warm a tea-spoon w^ith a little", "A celebrated physician says tliat a child can not have the croup if pigs' feet", "lard in it or goose grease; thicken with sugar, and give it to the child; it may produce vomiting, which is always desirable, thus breaking up the membrane that is forming. Apply lard' or goose grease to throat and chest, with raw cotton or flannel. Care' should be taken, removing only a small piece at a time of these extra wraps to prevent taking cold.", "For Rheu.matism. ^Internal remedy.) — Three drams iodide of potash, dis- solved in one-half pint of hot water. Take a table-spoonful three times a day, and drink lemonade at intervals between.", "(External remedy. > Liniment — ^Two ounces tincture arnica, one ounce canii)hor, one ounce belladonna, one ounce cannabis indica, one-half onnce aconite (if neuralgia), one-half oiince oil hemlock, one-half ounce worm- wood, one-half ounce sassafras (if there are humors), one-fourth ounce or- iganum, one-fourth ounce tar (if there are sores), one-fourth ounce cajeput, one-eighth ounce peppermint, one^fourth ounce chloroform, six ounces aqua ammonia. Wet a flannel with this liniment, and rub the parts affected ; or place the flannel over the rheumatic part, and cover it with thick paper, and place near it a warm brick. Immediate relief will be obtained.", "Cure for Felon. — When a felon first makes its appearancej take the inside skin of an egg-shell, and wrap it around the part affected. When the press- ure becomes too painful, wet it with water, and keep it on twelve hours.", "Roast or bake /lioroughly a large onion ; mix the soft inner pulp with twc", "MEDICAL. 635", "heaping table-spoons of table salt, and apply the mixture to the affected part as a poultice, keeping the parts well covered. Make fresh applications at least twice a day, morning and evening, and a cure will follow m at least a week.", "Or, one 'tea-spoon of scorched salt, one tea-spoon of corn meal, one tea- spoon of scraped hard soap, one tea-spoon of beet leaves pounded up, twelve drops of turpentine, and the yolk of one egg. Mix all ingredients toge^he^ in tne form of a poultice, in which bind closely the swollen finger.", "Or, procure five or six lemons, cut oflf the end of one, thrust the sore finger Into the lemon, and let it stay till the lemoh is warm ; proceed in the same way till all the six are used. Or, put a piece of Spanish-fly plaster over tluj spot affected, and that will draw tne trouble to the surface ; or, on the first appearance, apply a poultice of the common Fleur de Lis root well mashed. It will cure in a short time.", "For Constipation. — ^The same remedies will not affect all persons. One or two figs eaten fasting is sufficient for some, and they are especially good in the case of children, as there is no trouble in getting them to take them. A spoon of wheaten bran in a glass of water is a simple remedy and quite effective. One or two tumblers of hot water will move almost every one^ but is difficult to take. In chronic cases^t faithful manipulation and mov- ing of bowels and limbs with gentle rotary movement with the open palm, *nd giving all natural motions to the parts, with proper diet, will almost invariably secure the desired result. It has been Known to cure a case of life-long habit, where inherited, too, and although it involves patience and perseverance, it is certainly better than to suffer the ills that result from so many patent medicines and ouack nostrums. \" An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure,\" ana regularity of habit in this matter is the great thing to oe impressed on people generally.", "Or, three tea-cups each of coarse, clean wheat-bran and sifted flour, one heaping measure each of Horsford*s bread preparation (soda and acid), seven teaspoons good butter and one of salt. Mix with cold sweet milk; roll third of an inch thick, cut with a biscuit cutter and bake tlioroughly in a moderate oven ; or, pour hot water on one table-spoon flax seed, pour off and at once add three or four table-spoons of cold water, and drink. This is per- fectly harmless and may be taken once, twice, or thrice a day if necessary ; or, a teasiwon black mustard-seed taken every morning ; or a glass of cold water taken at night and first thing in the morning.", "Scarlet Fever, or Scarlatina.— When to the feeling of general illness which accompanies all fevers is added a very rapid pulse, 120-130, and a tem- perature of 100®-104°-105°, and there is a dry, hot feeling in the throat, with tonsils red and swollen, and distress on trj^ng to swallow, it is jwife to suspect an infectious disease, and probably scarlet fever. The sick person shoulu be isolated at once in a room as much apart from the other members as possible, the higher up in the house the better, and a good\" physician sent for.", "The rash generally appears about the second dav, beginning on the neck and chest, and extending over the whole bodv, the deepest color being on the neck, the outer side of the limbs, the joints, hands ana feet. The cheeks are a bright, deep red. The case having been declared to be scarlet fever, all pre- cautions given for infectious diseases, as regards isolation and disinfection, must be observed.", "The room should be kept at an even temperature of 65°; light a fire, if possible, and leave the window down an inch at the top. Throw the window open and change the air entirely twice a day, covering the patient head and all at the time and until the room is again warm. Do not be afraid uf fresh, dry outside air, but be sure that the patient is covered head and all, so tliat no cold air is breathed, while you are airing and warming the room.", "Give the patient once or twice daily, a warm sponge or plunge bath, as directed by the physician, being careful that he is covered with a blanket during the bathnig, thrown over the bed or tub; dry quickly with wario.", "^36 MEDICAL,", "soft towels, and as the patient lies in ]>e(l, rub the entire surface of the bodv with vaseline, cocoa-oil, or whatever oil the pliysician orders. The beet- clothing should be wanu, but never heavy; keep the feet and legs warm.", "Gruels, milk, simple broth, etc., are generally enough. When there is exhaustion from fever, the d(x;tor will give ordei^ as to stimulating nourish-! ment. Cold wuter or weak lemonade may be given freely, imless the doctor orders differently.", "Keep the patient strictly in bed; make use of the bed-pan and urinal to prevent getting up. Guard in every way a check of perspiration. If the patient is propped up in bed, see that a sliort jacket or small i^hawl is put over the niglit-aress, but use nothing that can not be washed.", "Notice the breathing at night or in sleep, whether it is even and deep, or short and labored, as if there were trouble with the air-passages. Be jxir- ticularly watchful of the condition of the excretions, especially of the urine; should rt become scanty or smoky -colored, report it at once to the physician. Observe whether there is a free though seemingly harmless discharge from the nose; this may indicate diphtheritic trouble. See whether there is any swelling of limbs. In short, there is nothing which must not be observed with care, and reported accurately to the doctor.", "The skin becomes dry, and generally begins to scale off about the fith day after the rash appears. No patient should be allowed to leave his bed until this process is completed. The warm baths should be kept up, the least chilli- ness guanled against, and the temperature of the room allowed now to be 70^. After the peeling is over the patient should still remain in his r<x)m for two weeks, and should be separate from otiier members of the family not less than a month from the commencement of the disease. Severe cases of scarlet fever may follow from exposure to light ones. See that the patient is well wrapped, with hands and feet protecteid, on first going into the open air.", "The troubles wliich may arise out of an attack are frequently the result of carelessness on the part of the nurse, neglect of orders, exposure to cold, etc. There can not be tf30 much care taken of the lightest case. A bad attack will compel attention, but \" slight cases,\" so-called, are often neglected with fatal results, or life-long deafness or other disability. Dropsy, malignant 8ore throat, disease of the kidneys, weakness of the lungs, pleurisy, and manv otlier maladies, lie in wait for the scarlet fever patient. — Hand-Book of I^arsiiig.", "The Treatment of Diphtheria.— Tiie symptoms of diphtheria are much like a common sore throat accompanied by a severe cold. The sore throat is accoiupanied with more fever than an ordinary cold, and there is an in- describable sickish feeling, which is easily recognized by those who have once experienced it. Later, white patches appear in the throat, on the ton- sils, the back of the throat, and on the arches of the palate. The throat is generally but little swollen on the outside, but in all cases when there is a suspicion of diplitheria, it is not safe to delay sending for a physician, a$ the disease does its work quickly, and miist be dealt with in time or it is fatal. There are really three varieties of the disease. The first is characterized by fever, severe pains in back and limbs, and very great prostration. There niay be wo soreness of the throat, but small white specks will be noticed on the ton- sils. In the second, large patches of false membrane appear on the tonsils and back of the tiiroat ; but the glands of the neck do not become swollen. In the third, wliich is the true malignant diphtheria, there is swelling of thn glands of the neck and under jaw, profuse and offefisive discharges from the mouth and throat, and more or less discharge from the nostrils. In the first two varieties, the disease generally yields to simple treatment, hut the disease is too subtle and dangerous to be trijled withy ana a physician should be sum- vioned. One of the best remedies for domestic use in the early stages of the disease, is, probably, chlorate of patash, put into a tumbler of water until no more will dissolve, and used as a gargle. If swallowed it is harmless. It is cheap— five to ten ce", "MEDICAL. 637", "nuiy be k6pt in the house for emergencies. It is also an excellent remedy, used as above described, for ordinary sore throat In the case of children too young to use the gargle, make a swab on the end of a firm round stick, by binding on a small piece of linen or cotton cloth ; use only once and burn it, X. e.y the rag. Take the handle of a teaspoon and press the tongue down so as to see plainly the condition of the throat; swao quickly and draw out. Do not worry the child by poking the stick down iti* throat a half dozen times, make a sure thing the first time, for if you touch the affected parts, well; better do it again in two hours. Dip swab in a preparation (which may also be used a^ a gargle) of alcohol, diluted with water, biU as strong as the patient can bear. The alcohol acts quickly upon the poison of the disease, end is a remedy easily obtained and kept at hand. When atfjicked with diphtheria, the patient should be kept in bed with suflflcient clothing over the body for comfort, and no more. The room should be kept well supplied with pure air, and nourishment should he given in the shape of well-pre- pared beef-tea every two hours. Cut fresh beef into pieces, put into a bottle without water, and boil in a pot of water. To an adult give a great spoonful of the beef-tea tlius made, every two hours, and less in proportion to age. If this does not agree with the patient, or there is any difficuly in the patient's sw^allowing it, substitute the white of an egg; beat till smooth, mix with half a tumbler of water, and give a table-spoon at a time. This is very nourishing, and is often taken more readily than beef-tea. It is particularly important to nourish Vie patient ", "• The homeopathic treatment is to begiryat once with aconite and belladonna, alternately every hour. If after four hours there is no improvement, and the characteristic prostration, and the patches on the tonsils are increasing, stop the aconite, and supply its place with the proto-iodide of niercurius. Let these two remedies be continued until there is a marked change for better or worse. If for the former, let the intervals be increased to one and a half or two hours; for the latter, and there is approaching unconscious- ness, with frequent arousing to cough up or hawk uj) the detached fragments of the deposits, that brings up tough, ropy, yellowish mucus, give kali bi- chromicum alone every hour. When the patient becomes really better, stop and give no more medicine while the improvement goes on satisfactorily.", "One reason why it is important to summon a physician as soon as the Bvraptoms of the' disease appear, is that many cases which appear slight^ at first, are really most serious and fataly. while a common sore throat excites the greatest alarm, the judgment of the physician being necessary to decide the amount of danger in the case.", "In some cases dry sulphur, applied to the tonsils and throat, gives relief, and in violent cases the fumes of sulphur, burned in the close room, have been used witli good effect. An outward application to the throat, of lard as hot as it can be b<irno, is an aid to the other remedies mentioned.", "To avmd all cansei of diphtheria^ keep (he house free from dirt and filth of every kind from cellar to garret. See tnat no sewers give off gases, no drains are left filthy, and no out-house uncleaned, and bear in mind that it is not enougli to destroy bad smells by disinfectants— the cause of the smells must be removed.", "A lady who had the courage and coolness to treat herself, through a severe case of diphtheria, when no physician was at hand, describes her case thus: *' I first noticed siwres (the characteristic white patches which appear on the throat) on my right tonsil at 9 a. m. By noon they had spread over the entire arch of the palate, and the back of the throat. Several or these were loosened before night, but during the night they had spread up the nose and down the bronchial tube. My palate and tonsils were so swollen that I could scarcely speak, and with difficulty swallow. The gland on the right side of neck was much swollen, and uched, cuusing a dull pain in the car. The breath had", "^38 MEDICAL.", "that offensive odor peculiar to tlie disease, and I had an intense^ burning fever. I began my remedies <u sotm <u I dUcoaered the n)oref. I took a clay pipe, fille<l the bowl one-eighth full uf dry sulphur, powoered very fine, and sfiook it down into the stem. I then placed the end of tlie stem in my throat, and held it there in front of the spores, while an attendant blew in'to the bowl, atid repeated this until the whole discftned surface of tfie throat ^vas covered with dry 3ul;>hur. taking care to hold my breath while the sulphur was being blown in. In half an hour this was repeated. I tlien made a strong gai^gle of chlo- rate of potash, and half an hour after using the last sulphur, gargled my throat thoroughly. I then alternated the sulphur with the gargle of dilorata ^ of potash every liour. At niglit I mixed a tea-spoon of sulphur with water, and swallowed it slowly, and continued taking it in tliis way three times a day. Blowing sulnhur into the throat, and gargling with chlorate of potash was kept up regularly for four days, until every spore had disappeared, ex< actly as at first, except making the intervals longer as the disease abated. Whenever I felt them getting oown the bronchial tube, I drew breatli gentJy when the sulphur was being blown into my tliroat. It almost choked me to death, but I persevered. For my nose I snuffed up sulphur, just as old ladies take snuff, until satisfied that everv part was reached. When the spores came off I watched for new ones, and aid not relax my attention for one moment for five days. When better, I made a gargle of honey, sage and water, to heal and remove the swelUiv; in the throat I afterward treated x", "Diphtheria is a disease which springs from the growth of a real fungus on some of the mucous surfaces of tne system, more generally of the throat It may spread by contact of the mucous surfaces of a diseased with those of a healthy person, as in kissing, and is, to a limited degree, epidemic", "From the local parts affected it si)reads to the whole body, affecting the muscular and nervous systems, vitiating the lymph and nutrient fluids, and producing paralysis.", "As soon as the bacterium or fungus appears on the white patches on the throat, it should no more be neglected than a bleeding gash or a broken amL and there is almost as little need of a fatal termination of one incident as or the other.", "Mother Kroh*8 Felon Salve. — Take two pounds of fat from the outside of ham or smoked meat, six onions, resin and beeswax, each the size of an egg (use tlie common dark resin and wax, and for summer use increase the proportion of both). Fry ham fat until partly done, add onions sliced, tij to a light brown, skim out onions, press through a colander, and add this to lard in skillet; add resiu and wax, heat' and stir until thoroughly dissolved, and pour into a pan to cool. Like all salves, it must be kept closely covered or it will lose its strength, but if well covered will keep a year. A mother writes, \"I never feel safe without a supply of it in the house, and have found that my children seldom need any other medicine. I use it in croup, whooping cough, diphtheria, colds, scarlet fever, lung fever, asthma, felons, boils, beaiiugs of all kinds, burns, and sore and inflamed breasts. For the first seven, it is spread on a fine ])iece of Canton flannel and placed over the entire chest, and in severe Ciises over the back also, joining them on the .shoulders and under tiie arms. It should be put on thick and covered with flannel or cotton batting. Keep on until it gives relief, or if it becomes uncomfortable or rough, remove, and apply a fresh poultice if necessary. It is cooling in its nature and very quieting. For bums and healing It sliould be used in the form of a poultice, also Tor sore throat. My physicians have always encouraged its use for the above complaints. For breasts, cut a piece of cloth round with a hole in the center for the infant, then cover the breast entirely over with the cloth on which the salve has been spread.", "MEDICAL. 639", "Allopathic Trkatmxnt of Diphtheria. — One of the most successful phy- •icians in treating this dreaded disease gives the following directions for dealing with it. Mothers should accustom themselves and their children", "when young to examine the throat for indications of diph-", "^^ theria, and for this purjKwe a ** tongue depresser,\" repre-", "/1^'^\\^ sen ted in aoconipanvinpj cut is much more convenient", "nf ^^k than a sjkmju, especially in the case of babies who are apt to", "/ft ^^^ resist having any thing thrust into their mouths. With mi ^^L this the tongue is easily drawn down, and does not slip", "%r ^^ from under it as it does from a sj^oon. It may be had", "^ from any druggist or dealer in surgical implements. The first yellowish white patches that indicate diphtheria ap- bear on the tonsils on either side of palate, and mean danger and demand tTMnediaU and unremitted attention. If toithin reajch tend for a physician. The attack is almost as varied as is the temperament and constitution of the patient. Sometimes a slight feeling of illness is prevalent for a few days before the most serious attack. During this period drowsiness and chilliness appear, followed by fevcrishness, sometimes headache and aching of tlie limos; at other times the attack comes on with a sudden faintness or an almost absolute prostration ; while an almost universal symp- tom, and a very characteristic one, is a slightly swollen and tender condition of the glands at the angle of the lower jaw. The tonsils, one or both, are red and swollen; sometimes they are swollen but are not red. In younger chil- dren an almost unmistakable sign, which is very general, is that \"the redness is of a rose color, while in older children or adults the color is a deep crimson or bright scarlet, over the whole throat as seen by opening the mouth, the throat being attacked with inflammation so that it snows it. These symp- toms may be more or less general, or to a great extent mixed or varfable, according to the physical condition and temperament of the patient. After the appearance of this peculiar redness there is more or less swelling of the tonsils, at which time the false membrane first forms, and is semi-trans- ^larent. It can readily be seen by careful observation. As the disease wears on. this membrane, which is at first visible and semi-transparent, changes its color and becomes partially opaque, ", "The time to begin fighting this disease is as soon as its nature is recog- nized. When the patches of false membrane first make their appearance on the tonsils, give as a cathartic, to a child of one year, a tea-spoon of Epsom salts; for five or .six years old, double above quantity. Next, mix thoroughly", "One dram chlorate of potash,", "One and a half ounces of lime water, and •", "One ounce of distilled water, and rub in a mortar until the chlorate of", "640 MEDICAL.", "potash is perfectly dissolved ; then add half an ounce j^nre glycerine. Give to a child one vear old one tea-spoonful every hour m a little sweetened water. For a cnild live or six years old, or an adult, use two and a half ounces of liiuc water, and omit the distilled water, and give as a dose a tea- spoonful and a half for the child and two tea-spoonfuls for an adult. Do not wait for the cathartic to act before beginning with this remedy, but when it acts give the following every hour, also alternating with the above (with intervals of half un hour between doses of one or the other):", "One dram chloride ferri (iron).", "One and a half ounces distilled water,", "One and a half ounces pure glycerine.", "Mix thoroughly and give in sweetened water, and give as a dose the same onantity as of the first prescription, keeping up the treatment for two days. During the night, if the case is severe, the patient should be wakened to administer the medicine, particularly if the sleep is at all restless or un- natural.", "For the first two days the disease may show no signs of abatement, but under this treatment, at the end of thirtjr-six hours, ttiere ought to be ini« provemenL The tendency of the fever is to return on the third day, and if the disease is not checked and the fever returns, it will be a fight for life, but if at the end of thirty -six hours there is evident improvement, give the medicines everv two hours (alternately giving one or the other every hour) for several aays. For a child old enough to use it, or for an adult, gargle well, before taking medicine or nourishment, with the follow- ing, well mixed:", "Fifteen drops carbolic acid.", "Six ounces lime water.", "These remedies m^y be made up, corked securely, and kept in a dark place, ready for use, in cases where a family lives remote from a drug store, as time is an important element in treating this disease. For an out- ward application apply a mixture made of", "A tablespoonful of camphor,", "A half spoonful of turpentine,", "A half spoonful of coal-oil.", "(For a child add a tablespoon of sweet-oil.)", "Apply this to the throat, high up under the ears and down to the chest; cover with dry liannels for a few minutes; remove, and if not red, apply mixture again, and repeat until the skin is well reddened. Then apply slices of fat salt pork (sewed on a piece of cloth), letting them cover well the front part of neck and extend up under the ears. The glycerine arresti putrefaction, while the lime-water dissolves the false membrane.", "Hot Wateb as Medicine. — Consumptives and dyspeptics find great relief in drinking, or rather slowly sipping, hot water an nour before eating. It should be as tiot as it can be taken. Sips of hot water are also good where the stomach is weak, as in convalescence after illness. In a severe case of dyspe()sia. the patient began by taking six teaspoons of hot water thres tiiiie» a day, and has graduallv increased the amount with the greatest henetit. Hot water is also excellent in cases of sick stomach, and may be taken when no nourishment of any kind can be retained in the stomach.", "M L'LLEiN FOR CONSUMPTION. — ^Thc leaves and flowers of the common mul- lein have cured consumption. Make a strong tea of the fresh or dried leaves (best when gathered from plants in blossom) and drink freely. Con- tinue from three to six months, according to the severity of the disease. This remedy is \"good for the blood\" also, building up the system, making good blood, and taking away the inflammation from the lungs.", "Fob a Cough. — Simmer together one ounce pressed mullein and one-half ounce hoarh^nd in a quart soft water till strength is extracted (add more water if necessary); strain and add one pint Orleans molasses. Dose— one tablespoonful three times a day.", "MEDICAL, 641", "Soft Wateb axd Cholb.ra.— A disUnguished physician gives it as his opinion that the hahitual use of pure soft water, or from wells in a locality where the rocks are freestone, will prevent the cholera. He states that cholera has always prevailed in a limestone region, among families using hard water, while those using soft water in same neighborhoods escaped, and tliose living in freestone regions only a few miles away were also ex- empt from attacks. Soft water from cisterns should be filtered before using.", "Cloveb Tea. — Gather the blossoms of red clover, when beginning to bloom, and dry for u-se, putting away in tight paper sacks. A tea made from these blossoms is excellent for \"hives,\"' cancer, or any^ disease of a scrofulous nature. The essence of clover is sometimes used instead of the tea, and is kept at drug stores. It is also good for sickness at the stomach. The tea may be made of the fresh blossoms also. For cancer the tea is ^ven in large quantities, some patients drinking a gallon a day every day for a jrear before feeling certain of cure. This is largely prescribed by physicians.", "Taper Lights.— The best light for a sick room is furniahed by the tapers which come in boxes (bought at any dru^-store) in a vase or a tumbler of lard-oil. The taper is simply a small wick set in a tiny piece of wood. In the box of tapers is a float — a three-cornered frame of tin with a bit of cork on each corner. This is placed on the surface of the oil, and the taper set on it, the bottom of the wood resting in the oil. It mav then be lig;hted, and produces an a|preeable light, without smoke or smell, and Buificient for the purposes of the sick-room or nursery, and yet not sa glaring as to be oisagreeable. All persons accustomed to light in the sleeping-room will find this much better than a lamp turned low. The tunibler may be half full of water, with oil on top.", "To Promote or Restore Menstruation. — Put a small teacup of logwood chips into a pint of soft water, simmer for fifteen minutes, then add one half pint of whisky. Dose, one tablespoon half an hour before each meal, and just before going to bed.", "Another excellent prescription for the same purpose is made as follows: Two drams of prepared citrate of iron and quinine, one pint cherry wine^ one-half ounce chamomile flowers.", "Raw Linseed Oil is one of the best applications for burns, wounds, or cuts. It excludes the air and heals rapidly. Dip a cloth in it, and apply, covering with a second cloth. For flux or diarrhea in children, give a tea- spoonful three times a day until the disease has abated. Be careful not to use boiled linseed oil as a remedy in cases of men or animals. When boiled it is only used for painting.", "Cure for Couqh or Hoarseness. — One of the best remedies for coughs, colds, and particularly for hoarseness, is made as follows ; Wet a piece of ootton-battmg on the inside, wrap it around a lemon, and cover with ashes and coals to roast as you would roast a potato; let it roast from fifteen to twenty minutes ; take out, clip off one end, squeeze out the juice, and strain it through a thin cloth to remove any seeds or particles of pulp. There will be from four to five teaspoonfuls of juice, wnich mix with an equal quantity of strained honey (to strain warm and strain through a thin cloth) ; or, instead of honey, add three teaspoons of granulated sugar^ place the cup in a pan of hot water, set on stove until sugar is dissolved. Take one or two teaspoonfuls every hour, or after a spell of coughing. For a child add a larger proportion of honey and «ugar, and give a quar- ter teaspoonful every two hours.", "Bright's Disease. — Dr. Arthur Scott Dorkin extols a skim-milk diet in this disease. \"The first appreciable action,'*, he says, \"of skim-milk taken to the extent of six or Heven pints daily, is that of a most energetic diuretic, . a profuse flow of urine being rapidly produced. The effect of this in Bnght's disease, is to flush tlie uriniferous tubules, and to dislodge and", "642 MEDICAL.", "wash out the concrete casts of diseased epithelial cells bv which they are blocked up and distended. The emptying of the tubules relieves their pre:stfure on the surrounding secondary capillaries, the blood begins to flow more freely through them, the distension of the primary malpighian ca- pillaries is relieved ; less and less albumen escapes through their walls^ until the renal circulation is gradually restored, ^'hen it finally disappears from the urine. While this beneficial change is progressing, healthy epi- thelium is developed in the tubules, and the urinary excrement is withdrawn from the blood. In short, a healthy nutrition becomes re-established in the kidneys through the agency of milk, which, above all other substances^ seems to exercise a controlling influence over this process.", "IXHAL.VTIOX OF Tar FOR CONSUMPTION: — Mix together sixteen ounces of liquid tar and one fluid ounce liquor of potassa, boil them for a few min- 'utes in the open air, then let it simmer in an iron vessel over a spirit or other lamp in the chamber of the patient. This may at first excite a aisposi- tion to cough, but in a short t