FOOD FOB THE SICK

Crust Coffee. — ^Toast bread very^ brown, pour on boiling water, strain and add cream and sugar and nutmeg, if desirea.

Cream Soup. — One pint boiling water, half tea-cup cream; add broken pieces of toasted bread and a little salt.

Wine Whey. — One pint of boiling milk, two wine-elasses of wine, boil a moment, stirring well ; take out the curd, sweeten and flavor the whey.

Raspberry Relish. — To each pint of berry juice add one pound of sugar. Let it stand over night; next morning boil ten minutes, ana bottle for use.

Parched Rice. — Cook in custard-kettle a half cup parched rice in one pint boiling salted water; when done serve with cream and sugar.

Alum Whey. — Mix half ounce ^wdered alum with one pint sweet milk, strain artd add sugar and nutmeg; it is good in hemorrhages, and sometimes for colic.

Sago Custard. — Soak two table-spoons sago in a tumbler of water an hour or more, then boil in same water until clear, and add a tumbler of sweet milk ; when it boils, add sugar to taste, then a beaten egg and flavoring.

Baked Milk. — Bake two quarts milk for eight or ten nours in a moderate oven, in a jar covered with writing paper, tied down. It will then be as thick as cream, and may be used by weak persons.

Butter-milk Stew. — Boil one pint butter-milk, add small lump butter, and sweeten to taste. Some add a tea-spoon of ginger and honey instead oi sugar.

Chicken Broth. — ^Take the first and second joints of a chicken, boil in one quart of water till very tender, and season with a very little salt and pepper.

Ego Gruel. — Beat the volk of an egg with a table-spoon of sugar, beating the white separately; add a tea-cup ofboiling water to the yolk, then stir in the white, and add any seasoning; good for a cold.

Tamarind Whey. — ^Mix an ounce of tamarind pulp with a pint of milk, strain and sweeten. Or, simply stir a table-spoon of tamarinds into a pint of water.

To Remove Grease from Broths for the Sick.— After pouring in dish, pass clean white wrapping-paper quickly over the top of broth, using sev- eral pieces, till all grease is removed.

Sassafras Drink.— Take the pith of sassafras boughs, break in small pieces and let soak in cold water till the water becomes glutinous. This is good nourishment, and much relished.

Pearled Wheat Puddiku.— One pint of wheat, one half gallon new milk,

568 FOOD FOR THE SICK.

sweeten and flavor to taste, bake one hour. This is a delicious and simple pudding.

Raw Beef. — Chop fresh, lean beef (the best steak or roast) very fine, sprinkle with salt and pepper, and put between thin slices of Graham or white buttered-bread. Tins is a very nutritious diet.

Raw Bebf Tea. — Cut up lean, fresh meat, soak eight or ten hours in a umull quantity of cold water. This is good after severe ca.ses of typhoid fever.

A Self-holder for a Spoon. — In dropping medicine into a spoon, place the handle between the leaves of a closed book lying on the table, and then both liands may be used in dropping the mixture.

8KA-.MOSS Farine. — l)essert-.spoon of sea-moss farine, quart boiling water; steep a few minutes, sweet4'n and flavor with lemon (leaving out rinds). This is a very pleasant drink and is good for colds.

Jkllice. — C)ne-half tea-spoon of currant, lemon or crauberry jelly put info a goblet, beat well with two table-spoons water, till up with ice-water, and you have a refreshing drink for a fever patient.

Fever Drink.— Pour cold water on wheat bran, let boil half an hour, strain and add sugar and lemon-juice. Pour boiling water on flax-seed, let stand till it is ropy, pour into hot lemonade and drink.

Barley Water. — Add two ounces pearl barley to half pint boiling water; let simmer five minutes, drain and add two quarts boiling water; add two ounces sliced figs, and two ounces stoned raisins; boil until reduced to a quart; strain for drink.

Beef-Tea Soup. — To one pint of *'beef essence" (made in a bottle as directed in recipe on a succeeding page), quite hot, add a tea-cup of the best cream, well heated, into which the yolk of a fresh egg has been previously stirred, mix carefully together, and season slightly, and serve.

To Prevent Wearin(^ Through the Skin when Bed-Ridden. — Apply to tender parts of the body with a feather, a mixture made by beating to a strong froth, the white of an egg, dropping in while beating two tea-spoons spirits of wine. Bottle for use.

To Drop Medicine. — Shake the bottle so as to moisten the cork. With the wet end of the cork moisten the edges of the mouth of the bottle, then, holding the cork under the mouth, let the fluid pass over the cork in drop- ping.

Vegetable Soup. — ^Two tomatoes, two potatoes, two onions, and one table- spoon rice ; boil the whole in one quart of water for one hour, season with salt, dip dry toast in this till quite soft, and eat; this may be used when animal food is not allowed.

Currant Shrub. — Make the same as jelly, but boil only ten minutes; when cool, bottle and cork tight, (see directions for canned fruits). Raspberry, strawberry and blackberry shrubs are made in the same way ; when used, put in two-thirds ice-water.

Oat-meal Blanc-mange. — A delicious blanc-mange is made by stirring two heaping table-spoons of oat-meal into a little cold water, then stir with a ouart of boiling milk, flavor and pour into molds to cool, when cream or jelly may be eaten w^ith it.

Mulled Buttermilk. — Put on good buttermilk, and when it boils, add the well-beaten yolk of an egg. Let boil up and serve. Or, stir into boiling buttermilk thickening made of cold buttermilk and flour. This is excellent for convalescing patients.

Oat-meal Gruel. — Put two heaping table-spoons oatrmeal in one quart cold water, stir till it commences to boil, then cook one hour, Stirring occasionally ; do not let it scorch ; season with salt, sugar, and any spice desired. For infants and very sick patients it must be strained, and not sailed.

Broiled Chicken, Quail, Squirrel or Woodcock. — Any of these must be tender. Take the breast of the first two, or the thighs of the others; place on hot coals or on a broiler, turning often to prevent burning. Whftii

FOOD FOR iTHE SICK. 569

done, remove the burned parts, if any, season slightly with butter, pepper and salt, and serve at once.

Arrowroot Custard. — One table-spoon of arrowroot, one pint of milk. one egg, two table-spoons sugar; mix the arrowroot with a little of the cola milk ; put the rest of milk on the fire and boil, and stir in the arrowroot and egg and sugar, well beaten together; scald and i)Our into cups to cool; any flavoring the invalid prefers may be added.

Cinnamon Tea. — To a half-pint fresh, new milk add stick or ground cin- namon enough to tlavor, and white sugar to taste ; bring to boiling point, and take either warm or cold. Excellent for diarrhoea in adults or chil- dren. A few drops or a tea-spoon of brandy may be added, if the case demands.

Tapioca Jelly. — One half pint tapioca, one quart water, juice and some of the grated rind of a lemon ; soak the tapioca for three or four hours in the water, sweeten it and boil for one hour in a custard-kettle, or until quite clear, stirring it often. When almost done, stir in the lemon, and when sufficiently" cooked, pour into molds. Serve with sweetened cream.

Saoo Jelly-pudding. — Wash thoroughly one tea-cup of sago, cook it in three pints of water fifteen or twenty imnutes, till perfectly clear, add a very little salt; stir in half a jelly-glass of currant, grape or other jelly ancl two spoonfuls sugar. Mold and serve cold with cream and sugar ; or, eat warm.

Graham Gems for Invalids. — Mix Graham flour with half milk and half water, add a little salt, beat, making the batter thiti enough to pour; have the gera-pan very hot, grease it, fill as quickly as possible and return immediately to a hot oven ; bake about thirty minutes. Practice will teach just the proper consistency of the batter, and the best temperature of the oven. It will not be good unless well beaten.

Panada. — Take two richest crackers, pour on boiling water, let stand a few minutes, beat up an egg, sweeten to taste, and stir all together; grate in nutmeg and add brandy or wine to suit the invalid. Or, break in a pint bowl toasted bread and pour over boiling water, adding a small lump of butter, two table-spoons wine, brandy or whisky; sweeten to taste ana flavor with nutmeg or cinnamon.

Raspberry Vinegar. — Pour over two quarts of raspberries in a stone jar, one quart of very best vinegar; let stand twenty-four hours, strain, and pour liquor over fresh fruit, and let stand in the same way; allow one pound sugar to a pint of juice; put into a stone jar and set in pot of boiling wat«r one hour; skim well, put into bottles, cork and seal tight. Diluted with water this is very nice for the sick. Toasted bread may be eaten with it.

Rice Jelly. — Mix one heaping table-spoon of rice-flour with cold water until it is a smooth paste, add a scant pint of boiling water, sweeten with loaf-sugar; boil until quite clear. If the jelly is intended for a patient with summer complaint, stir with a stick of cinnamon ; if for one with fever, flavor with lemon juice, and mold. Rice-water is made in the same manner, by using twice the quantity of boiling water.

Royal Strawberry Acid. — Take three pounds ripe strawberries, two ounces citric acid, and one quart of water ; dissolve the acid in the water, and pour it over the berries; let them stand in a cool place twenty-four hours, draw off, and pour in three pounds more of berries, and let it stand twenty-four hours. Add to the liquor its own weight of sugar, boil three or four minutes each day for three days, then cork tightly and seal. Keep In a dry and cool place.

Strawberry Acid. — Dissolve five ounces tartaric acid in two quarts of water, and pour it upon twelve pounds of strawberries in a porcelain ket- tle; let it simmer forty-eight hours; strain it, taking care not to bruise the fruit. To every pint of juice add one and one-half pounds of sugar and stir until dissolved, then leave it a few days. Bottle and cork lightly ; if a slight fermentation takes place leave the cork out a few days. Then cork, seal aud keep bottles in a cold place.

570 FOOD FOR THE SICK,

Black BBRRT Wine. — ^To every gallon of bruised berries, add half a gal- lon of soft cold water; let stand twenty-four hours, then strain. To every gallon juice, add three pounds sugar; lili a cask and let it remain witlioat n: >ving or shaking until it has fermented, which it will have done in six weeks. Put over the mouth of the cask a thin piece of muslin. Wben fermentation has ceased, draw off the wine and bottle without shaking the cask. Cork and seal.

Oat-meal Cakes.— Take e<^ual parts fine oat-meal and water; mix and pour into a pan about one- third of an incli deep and bake half an hour, or until crisp and slightly brown ; or make half an inch thick and bake soft like a johnny-cake ; or if the oven is not hot enough to bake, pour it into a fry- ing-pan, cover it and bake it on the top of the stove, dishing it when brown on tlie bottom. It is not good cold. If any be left, warm it up and it is al- most as good as new.

Oat-meal Pie-crust. —This is made exactly like the dough for crackers; it may be rolled a verjr little thinner. It bakes quickly, so that care must be taken not to scorch it in cooking the contents of the pie. It is not suited for an upper crust, but does admirably for pies that require but one crust. It is just the thing for those who do not think shortened pie-crusts whole- some, and it is good enough for any one. One can eat it with as much im- punity as so much oat-meal mush and fruit sauce.

Mutton Broth. — Put two pounds of mutton and two quarts cold water to boil, add one table-spoon rice washed carefully through several waters. Let it boil till the meat will leave the bone, and the rice is cooked to a liquid mass. Take from the fire, season with a little salt; skin, if preferred. If for a patient w^ith flux leave on all the fat (the more fat the better).

This is also a nice way to make chicken broth. Take a chicken size of a quail and prepare as above.

Uncooked Kgo. — This is quite palatable, and very strengthening, and may be prepared in a variety of ways. Break an egg into a goblet and beat thoroughly, add a tea-spoon sugar, and' after beating a moment add a tea- spoon or two of brandv or port wtine ; beat well and add as much rich milk, or part cream and milk, as there is of the mixture. Or, omit brandy and flavor with any kind of spice; or, milk need not be added, or the egg may be beaten separately, stirring in lightly the w^ell-whipped whites at the lasL

Cracked Wheat Pudding. — To one quart new or unskimmed milk add one-third cup cracked wheat, same of sugar (or a little more if preferredX a little salt and small piece of stick cinnamon. Place in moderate oven and bake two hours or longer. When about half done stir in the crust already formed, and it will form another sufficiently brown. When done the wheat will be very soft, and the pudding of a creamy consistency. It can be eaten hot or cold, and is nice for invalids. A handful of raisins added is consid- ered an improvement by some.

Broiled Beefsteak. — Many times a small piece of "tenderloin " or "por- terhouse" is more wholesome, for an invalid, than broths and teas; and with this may be served a potato, roasted in the ashes, dressed with sweet cream (or a little butter) ana salt, or nicely cooked tomatoes. Have the steak from half an inch to an inch thick, broil carefully two or three minutes over hot coals, turning often with a knife and fork, so as not to pierce it When done, put on a small dish, season slightly with salt and pepper, and a smaU bit of butter, garnish with the potato, and serve hoi.

Stewed Oysters. — Remove all bits of shell from a half dozen frtth^ select oysters, place in a colander, pour over a tea-cup of water, drain, place liquor, drained off in a porcelain-lined sauce-pan, let come to boiling point, skim well ; pour off into another heated dish, all except the last spoonful which will contain sediment and bits of shell which may have been overlooked, wipe out sauce-pan, return liquor, add oysters, let come to the boiling point, add a small lump of grK)d butter, a tea-spoon of crackeivdust, a very little oayenne pepper and i^t, and a half tea-cup fresh, sweet cream.

FOOD FOR THE SICK. 571

To Make Kitmyss. — ^Take three quarts of good, rich, sweet milk; one qnart of hot water, in which dissolve one-half pint sugar ; add the hot water to the milk; when this mixture is lukewarm add three table-spoons of brewer's yeast; set in a moderately warm place, stir often, and, when it begins to sparkle (which will be in about one and a half hours J, put it into strong bottles and cork tight; put in a cool place and in eight hours it will be ready for use. Procure a champagne tap (cost $1), and draw the best kumyss ever made.

Prepared Flour for Summer Complaint. — Take a double handful of flour, tie up tightly in cloth and put in a kettle of boiling water, boil from three to six hours, take out, remove the cloth, and you will have a hard, round ball. Keep in a dry, cool place, and when wanted for use, prepare by placing some sweet milk (new always preferred^ to boil, and grating into the milk from the ball enough to make it as thick as you desire, stirnng it just before removing from the stove with a stick of cinnamon ; this gives it A pleasant flavor; put a little salt into the milk. Very good for children having summer complaint.

Milk Porridoe. — Place on stove in skillet one pint new sweet milk and a very little pinch of salt; when it boils have ready sifted flour, and sprinkle "With one hand into the boiling milk, stirring all the while with a spoon. Keep adding Hour until it is about the consistency of thick molasses; eat warm with a little butter and su^ar. This is excellent for children suffering with summer complaint. Or, mix the flour with a little cold milk until a smooth paste, and then stir into the boiled milk. Or, break an egg into the dry flour and rub it with the hands until it is all in fine crumbs (size of a grain of wheat), then stir this mixture into the boiling milk.

Bran Biscuits. — ^Take cup bran (as prepared by Davis & Taylor, 24 Canal Street, Boston), five cups sifted flour; scald the bran at tea-time with half

Eint boiling water; when cool, pour it into the middle of the flour, add one- alf cup good yeast (or part of a yeast-cake, soaked till light), one tea-spoon salt, and two table-spoons sugar ; wet with new milk into soft dough, much thicker than batter. Let it stand, covered closely, in a warm place to rise. In the' morning, spoon into hot gem or patty-pans, and bake in a quick oven to a brown crust. Part of the dough may be baked in a small loaf to be eat«n warm. (It can be made with water by using a little butter, but is not so good.) Any remaining may be split for ainner or toasted for tea.

Oat-meal Wafers. — Use equal parts water and oat-meal, make as thin as you can shake it out on the bottom of pan, so that when done it will not be thicker than a knife-blade anywhere, and in most places you can see day- light through it. Bake very slowly until quite dry, watching that it may not scorch. In taking out it will probably break into many fragments, but they will be delicious ones — not shapely for the table, but so temptingly savored that any delicate person who can eat at all will find them satisfying, nour- ishing, and easily digested — ^far better than the standard sick dish called gruel. As for the well folks, put your wafers out of the way if you expect to find any of them for the invalid's next meal.

Blackberry Cordial. — Put a half bushel of blackberries in a preserv- ing-kettle and cook until scalded through well; strain and press out all the juice; put juice in kettle With the following spices well broken up and put into a bag ; one-quarter pound allspice, two ounces cinnamon-bark, two ounces cloves, and two nutmegs ; add loaf-sugar, about one pound to every quart of juice or more if preferred, and cook slowly ten or fifteen minutes, remove from the fire, let cool a little, and add good pure brandy in the pro- portion of one pint to every three pints of juice. A smaller quantity may De made, using the same proportions. This is an excellent remedy for di- arrhoea and other diseases of the bowels.

Good Toast. — Toast slices of bread, scrape off any blackened, charred portion ; lay on a soup-plate, pour on cold milk enough to wet through, and leave half an inch or so in depth of milk in the plate. Good milk, with a

572 FOOD FOR THE SICK.

little extra cream in it, is all the better, ami a very trirte of salt improves it. Put over the toast thus ^)repared, an inverted large earthen bowl, or tin basin, large enough to cover it and set down u|>on the plate all round. Put this in a warm, not very hot, stove oven, two, three, or more hours in ad- vance. The milk will cook an<l evaporate and it.s substance be condensed in the toast, while the cover will keep the toai<t moist. It is then very good without butler, though a little may be used if desired.

Beef Bkoth. — Cut in snuill nieces one pound of good lean beef; put on in two quarts of cold water and boil slowly, keeping it well covered, one and one-halt liours; then add half a tea-cup tapioca, wliich lias been soaked three-(iuartcrs of an hour in water enough to cover, and boil half an hour long«^r. SSonie add, with the tapi(>ca, a small bit of parsley, and a slice or two of (Jiiion. Strain before serving, seasoning sliglitly with pepper and salt. It is more strengthening to add, just before serving, a .soft poached egg. Kice may Ik? used instead of taiuoca, straining the broth, and adding one or two table-spoons rice (soaked for a short time), and then boiling half an hour.

Meat for Ixvalids. — The following /netluxl of rendering raw meat pal- atable to invalids is given by good authority. To 8.7 ounces of raw meat, from the loin, add 2.() ounces slielled sweet almonds. .17 ounces shelled bitter almonds, and 2.8 ounces white sugar — these to \>e beaten together in a marble mortar to a uniform pulj), and the fibers separated by a strainer. The pulp, wliich has a rosy hue, and a very agreeable tjusie, does not at all remind one of meat, and may be kej)! fn-sh for a considerable time, even in summer, in a drv, cool place. Yolk (;f egg may he added to it. From this pulp, or directly from tlie above substince, an emulsion may be pre- pared which will he rendered still more nutritious by adding milk.

Articles for the Sick-room. — A rubber bag, holding two quarts, to be one-half or tlirm;-quarters filled with Iiot water, and placed about the patient where needed — under head in neuralgia, around the side in liver-congestion, etc.; or can ho filled witli very cold water in cases needing such applications — is very tlexihle and agreeable, and can be used where a boap-stone or bottle would hurt, rriee. ^li.lK).

A pair of very long. l(U)se stockings, knit of Saxony wool, or any soft yarn, without heels, to draw on towanU morning in fever cases, or to keep patient warm when she is up; they might come half way between the Knee and thigh. Every housekeeper should have a pair to be used in cases of sickness.

Oat-meal Trackers. — "Wet one pint fine oat-meal with one gill water; work it a few minutes with a spoon, until you can make it up into a mass; place on a hoard well covered with dry oat-meal; mak(» as comjKict as you can, and roll out carefully to one-sixth of an inch thick, and cut into squares with a knife. Bake in a very slow oven, or merely scald at first; and then let them stand in the oven until they dry out. These are difficult to make u)) at first, but you soon learn to handle the dough and to watch oven so that they will not scorch. These are excellent for all the purpost»g of crackers, and if kept dry, or if packed in oat-meal, they will last good for months. This is one form of the Scotch "bannock." A rich addition is two heaping spoonsful of ground dessicated ^ocoanut

Old-time Food for Convalescent.s. — Roast g(»od potatoes in hot ashea and coals; when done, put in a coarse doth and s<}ueeze with the hand, and take out the inside on a plate. Put a slice of good pickled jwrk on a stick three or four feet long, hold before a wood fire until it cooks slightly, then dip into a pan of water and let it drip on the potato tosea.son it; repeat until the meat is nicely cooked on one side, then turn the other, dip in water, etc. Wlien done place on plate beside the potato, serve with a slice of toast dressed with hot water and a little vinegar and salt, or use sweet cream instead of vinegar. A cup of sage tea, made by pouring boiling water on a few leaves of sage and allowing it to stand a few minutes, served with cream and sugar.

FOOD FOR THE SICK 573

Is very nice ; or crust coffee, or any herb tea is good. Food prepared in thi» way obviates the use of butter.

Beef-Tea. — Cut pound best lean steak in small pieces, place in glass iruitr isLT {a. perfect one), cover tightly and set in a pot of cold water; heat gradu- ally to boil, and continue this steadily three or four hours, until the meat is like white ra^ and the juice thoroughly extracted ; season with very little salt, and stram through a wire strainer. Serve either warm or cold. To prevent jar toppling over, tie a string around the top part, and hang over a stick laid across the top of pot. When done, set kettle off stove and let cool before removing the jar, and in this way prevent breakage. Or, when beef- tea is wanted for immediate use, place in a common pint bowl (yellow ware), add very little water, cover with saucer, and place in a moderate oven ; if in danger of burning add a little more water. To make beef-tea more palatable for some patients, freeze it.

CoRN-MEAL Gruel. — Add to three pints boiling water two table-spoons corn- meal, stirred up with a little cold water; add a pinch of saltand cook twenty minutes. For very sick persons, let it settle, pour off the top, and ^ive with- out other seasoning. For convjilescents, toast a piece of bread nicely, and put in the gruel with one or two table-spoons sweet cream, a little sugar and ginger, or nutmeg and cinnamon. When a laxative diet is allowed this is very nourishing. Or, take a pint of meal, pour over it a quart or more of cold water, stir up, let settle a moment,^ and i>our off tlie water; repeat this three times, then put the washed meal into three quarts of cold water, and place where it will boil; cook tliree hours, and when done add a pinch of salt. This is a very delicate way of cooking, and it may be eaten with or without other seasonmg. This is an old and very valuable recipe, used thirty years ago by Dr. Davenport, of Mi I ford Center, Ohio.

Boiled Flour or Flour Ball. — Take one quart good flour; tie in a pud- ding-bag so tightly as to make a solid mass ; put into a pot of boiling water early in ihe mornmg, and let boil until bedtime; take out atid let dry. In the morning, peel oti' and throw away the thin rind of dough, and, with a nutmeg-grater, grate down the hard dry mass into a powder. Of this from one to three tea-spoonfuls may be used, by lirst rubbing it into a paste with a little milk, then adding it to about a pint of milk, and, finally, by bringing the whole to just the boiling-point. Give through a nursing-bottle. For children who. are costive use bran-meal or unbolted tiour instead of white flour, preparing as above directed.

Rice Water. — Wash four table-spoons of rice ; put it into two <iuarts of water, wliicli boil down to one quart, and then add sugar and a little nut- meg. Tliis makes a pleasant drink. A pint or half a ])int of milk added to the rice water, before it is tAken from the fire, gives a nourishing food suita- ble for cases of dianhea. Sago, tapioca, barley, or cracked corn can be pre- pared in the same manner.

Oraii'Oeadb. — This is an antiseptic and anti-diarrhea remedy ; try it Take of dilute sulphuric acid, concentrated infusion of oranee-peel, each, twelve drachms; of syrup of orange-peel, five fluid ounces; add two imperial gal- lons of water. Take a draught of a large wine-glassful. It is an excellent summer beverage for the South.

Haw Beef for Children.— Take half a pound of juicy beef, free from any fat; mince it very finely; then rub it into a smooth pulp either in a mortar or with an ordinary potato-ma.sher, and press it through a fine sieve. Sjjread a little out upon a* plate and sprinkle over it some salt, or some sugar jf the child prefers it. Give it alone or spread upon a buttered slice of stale bread. It makes an excellent food for children with dysentery.

THE ARTS OF THE TOILET,

Beauty and health constitute a royal inheritance. The child horn with such a heritage, and brought up by a mother who has the good sense to discard soothing syrups, narcptics and cordials, and carefully trains ap to cleanly habits, proper exercise, plenty of air and sunshine, and wholeaome food, starts in life with a capital that will in the long run tip the balance against the largest fortune in dollars. To keep health and beauty, or to restore it when lost, it is necessary to observe the laws of health, discarding quackery and panaceas of all kinds as superstitions, and inventions of the devil. Pure air and plenty of it, free sunshine and plenty of it, are better restoratives than all the jiatent medicines under the sun. Too often the doctor brings the medicine only to have the medicine bring the doctor again. The sunlight will give a lady's cheek a fresher tinge and a more delicate complexion tlian all the French powders and rouge in Paris.

For thb Haib. — Wash in cold sage-tea.

Camphor — put in drawers or trunks will keep away mice.

The Nrck. — ^Too tight collars and neckerchiefe are apt to produce perma» nent swelling of the tnroat.

Cocoa Butter. —Apply, at night, to face and hands, and wash off in thm morning. This is excellent for the skin, and keeps it soft and clear.

To Clean Light Kids. — Put the glove on the nand, and rub thoroughly with white corn-meal, using a piece of cotton flannel.

To KEEP Pearls Brilliant. — Keep in common, dry magnesia, instead of the cotton wool used in jewel cases, and they will never lose their brilliancy.

Tonic for the Hair. — ^Ounce best castor-oil, two ounces each of French brandy and bay rum ; scent with rosemary and rose-geranium.

To (Jure Chilblains.— Soak feet for fifteen minutes in warm water, put en a pair of rubbers, without stockings, and go to bed.

Cement for Jet. — Use shellac to join, and then smoke the joints to mah« them black.

Mother's Marks— should never be interfered with, except by the advic« of a physician.

Tetter or Ringworm — of the face is caused by a disordered stomach, and must be cured by proper diet.

Pimples— are caused by improper diet, and can never be cured except by correcting the habits. Cosmetics only injure.

To Restore Color to Kid Shoes. — Mix a small quantity of good polish blacking with the white of an egg.

Hair Oil. — Two tea-spoons each of castor oil, ammonia and glycerine; add alcohol enougli to cut the oil, and put in a four-ounce bottle half full of rain-water. Shake before using.

Black Heads. — To remove ** blrfck heads " in the face, place over the black spot the hollow end of a watch-key, and press firmly. This forces the foreign substance out. so that It may be brushed off. and is a cure. (574)

THE ARTS OF THE TOILET. 576

To Keep off Mosquitoes. — Rub exposed parts with kerosene. The odor is not noticed after a few minutes, and children especially are much relieved by its use.

The Breath. — ^Nothing makes one so disagreeable to others as a bad breath. It is caused by bad teeth, diseased stomach, or disease of the nostrils. Neatness and care of the health will prevent and cure it.

The Skin .4nd Complexion. — Wasliing in cool, but not excessively cold, water, and general cleanliness, keeps the skin healthy and the complexion clear.

Ivory Blacking for Shoes. — Four ounces ivory-black, three ounces coarsest sugar, one table-spoon sweet-oil, one pint small beer; mix well together.

Castor-oil for Shoes. — Take a tea-spoon of it and rub in thorouglily by a fire. Do this when the shoes are new^ and several times afterwards, and they will last twice as long.

Dandruff.— One ounce flour of sulphur to one quart of water. Shake well at intervals, for a few hours, and, when settled, saturate the head with the clear liquid every morning.

For Chapped Hands, Face and Lips. — ^Ten drops carbolic acid in one ounce glycerine; apply freely at night Pure mutton tallow is also ex- cellent.

Cologne Water. — ^Thirty drops each oil of lavender, cOl of beigamot, oil of lemon, and orange-flower water, half pint deodorizea aloohoL Cork and shake well.

Corpulency. — An excess of fat is a disease. To reduce the excess, eat little or no butter, fat meat, gravies, sugar, vegetables, or oUier articles containing large amounts of starch or sugar.

Dandruff in the Hair. — There is no simpler nor better remedy for this vexatious appearance (caused by a dryness of the skin) than a wash of cam- phor and borax — an ounce of each put into a pint and a half of cold water, and afterwards rub a little pure oil into the scalp.

Moth Patches — may be removed from the face bv the following remedy : Into a pint bottle of rum put a table-spoon of nourof sulphur. Apply this to the patches once a day, and they will disappear in two or three weeks.

Boston Burnett Powder for the Face — Five cents worth of bay rum, five cents worth of magnesia snow-flake, five cents worth of bergamoi^ five cents worth of oil oi lemon ; mix in a pint bottle and fill up with rain-water.

To Clean Jewelry.— Any gold jewelry that an immersion in water will not injure, can be beautifully cleaned by shaking it well in a bottle nearly full of warm soap-suds to which a little prepared chalk has been added, and afterwards rinsing it in clear, cold water, and wiping it on a towel.

Moles.— To remove, moisten a stick of nitrate of silver, touch the moles, and they will turn black and sore, and soon they will dry up and fall off of themselves. If they do not entirely go, repeat. It is better, however, never to attempt their removal without consulting a physician.

Warts. — Wash with water saturated with common washing soda, and let dry without wiping: repeat frequently until they disappear. Or pass a pin through the wart, and hold one end of it over the flame of a candle or lamp until jthe wart fires by the heat, and it ^^ill disappear.

Stains on the Hands — from nitrate of silver, may be removed by a solu- tion of chloride of lime. Fruit st^iins are removed by washing the hands without soap, and holding them over the smoke of burning matches or sul- phur.

To Remove Sunburn. — Scrape a cake of brown Windsor soap to a pow- der, add one ounce each of eau de Cologne and lemon-juice; mix well and form into c^kes. This removes tan, prevents hands from chopping, and makes the skin soft and white.

576 THE ARTS OF THE TOILET.

Cold Cream fob Chapped Lips. — One-half ounce !»perniaceti, twenty grains white wax. two ounces pure oil of sweet almonds, one ounce pure glycerine, six drops oil of rose; melt first three ingredients togetlier, and, when cooling, add the glycerine and oil of rose, stirring until cold.

Bad Breath— Bad breath, from catarrh, foul stomach, or bad teeth, may be temporarily relieved by diluting a little hromo chlonilum with eight or ten parts of water, and using it as a gargle, and swallowing a few drops just Defore going out. A ])int of brouio chiomlum costs fifty cents, but a small vjal full will last a long time.

Fri'it Stains — may be removed from the fingers in the following manner: Mix together half an ounce of cream tartar and half an ounce of powtiered salt of sorrel; apply a solution of this to the fingers, and the stains will dis- appear. Diluted sulphuric acid may be used, but care should be taken that none of it touches any fabric, as the acid will destroy it.

Flesh Worms. — Black specks on the nose disfigure the face. Remove by washing thorouglily in temd water, rubbing with a towel, and applying with a soft fiannel a lotion maue of three ounces of cologne and half an ounce of liquor of potash. Or press out by putting the hollow end of a watch-key over it.

Lips or Hands Ghapped by cold weather or wind, should be rubbed with glycerine generally when about to be exposed to the air, or rubbed with honey after washing. Never kiss the lips of persons not in health, as dis- ease is sometimes contracted in this way, as well as by the use of towels, cups or tumblers used by unhealthy persons.

Bay Rum. — Ten cents worth of magnesia, two quarts each of soft water and alcohol, one ounce oil of bay. I)isi>olve magnesia in rain-water, tlien add other ingredients. Wrap filtering paper in form of a funnel, and filter carefully through into a bottle and cork tightly. When used, dilute with rain-water to whatever strength desired.

Leanness — Is caused generally by lack of power in the digestive organs to digest and assimilate the fat-producing elements of food. First restore digestion, take plenty of sleep, drink all the water the stomach will bear in the morning on rising, take moderate exercise in the open air, eat oat-meal, cracked wheat, Graham mush, baked sweet apples, roasted and broiled beef, cultivate jolly i)eople, and bathe daily.

Superfluous Hairs — Are best left alone. Shaving only increases the strength of the hair, and all depilatories are dangerous and sometimes dis- figure the face. The only sure plan is to spread on a piece of leather equal parts of ^Ibanum and pitch plaster, lay it on the hair as smoothly as pos- sible, let it remain three or four minutes, then remove it with the hairs, root and branch. This is severe but effective. ' Kerosene will also remove them. If sore after using, rub on sweet-oil.

The Pace. — To wash projKjrly, fill basin two-thirds full with fresh, soft water, dip face in the water and then the hands; soap the hands well and rub with a gentle friction over the face; dip the face in water the second time and rinse oflf thoroughly, wiping with a thick but soft towel. Pure Foajis do not irritate the skin. The l>est are castile, curd, glycerine and other THHitral soaps. Medicated or highly colored or perfumed soaps should never be used.

Food. — A good complexion never goes with a bad diet. Strong coffee, hot bread and butter, heated grea.se, highly sj>iced soups, meats or game, hot drinks, alcoholic liquors, fat meats, are all damaging to its beauty. Strong tea, used daily, will after a time give the skin the color and appearance c« leather. Coffee affects the s^kin less but the nerves more, ana a healthy nervous system is neces.sary to beauty. Late suppers, over-eating at meals, eating between meals, the use of candies, sweetmeats, preserves, etc., pn> duce pimples and blotches.

The Hands. — The use of gloves, especially kids, help to preserve the soft- ness of the hands. Cleanliness and sprinkling with orris-root counteracts

THE ARTS OF THE TOILET. 577

excessive perspiration. Warts are removed by steeping the hands in warm water for naif an hour, and then paring away the white and insensible sur- face. The nails should be cut frequently, always in oval shape. The nail- brush should be full and soft. It should be rubbed on a cake of soap and then used vigorously. Biting nails is a bad habit. To break it up, in chil- dren, dip the ends of the lingers in a solution of aloes.

The Nose. — Excessive wiping, snufling, and blowing, especially in chil- dren, deforms the noae, and should be i)racticed only wlien necessary for cleanliness. A nose leaning to one side, caused by wiping in one direction, may be cured by using the handkerchief with the other Land, or by wear- ing occasionally an instrument surgeons employ for that imrposc. Lar^e, fleshy noses are reduced by wearing at night a contrivunc^e which com- presses the artery that supplies the nose. Red noses become so by exi)osure to heat or the sun, by alcoholic drinks, or by a debility of the blood-vessels of the skin. The latter cause is removed by gentle friction and cold bathing of the feet.

The Bath — Not only promotes cleanliness, but is a tonic. The skin does one-third of the work or breatliin}2r, and if the myriad of pores are closed, the lungs are overburdened, or else the work is left unuone. The tonic effect is caused by the contraction of the surface blood-vessels, driving tha blood back to the larger blood-vessels and the heart, bringing on a reaction which 'rushes the blood back to the skin, causing a glow, freer respiration and more vigorous action of the whole muscular system. A sponge or hand bath are the simplest forms, and should be taken in a moderately warm room. As a rule, the more rapidly a bath is taken the better, and it should always be followed by friction with the hand or with a not too rough towel.

The Ear. — ^The outer ear should be well cleansed and the passage wiped out daily with a rag on the end of the little linger, but notlnng should be inserted* further. The insertion of a pin, orany liard substance, frequently ruptures the ear. When cleansing is necessary on account of accumulation of wax by cold, or other cause, it should be done by syringing with warm water, having dropped in two or three drops of glycerine the night before to soften the substance to be removed. This often cures sudden deafness. Cotton-wool stuffed into the ear is injurious and is seldom necessary. In conversing with deaf persons, it is important to remember that clearness, distinctness, and a musical tone of voice is understood much more easily than a loud tone.

Teeth. — Cracking nuts, biting thread, eating hot food, especially bread and pastry raised with soda, very cold drinks, alternate contact with cold and hot substances, highly sea.'^oned food, alcoholic liquors and tobacco, metal toothpicks, and want of cleanliness, are injurious to teeth. After eating, the mouth should be rinsed with lukewarm water, and such pieces of food as are not thus washed awny removed by a quill toothpick. Tooth- brushes should be elastic and moderately hard.* Those with hairs not too close together are best and most durable. A brush that is too hard may be permanently softened by dipping in hot water. Rub up and down as well as across the teeth. Teeth should be often examined oy a com i>e tent dentist.

Collars that do not Fit. — Few gentlemen have philosophy enough to endure an ill-fitting collar with patience, but not many understand why Uiey do not fit The fact is, the laundress stretches them tlie wrong way. 'l>amp linen is very pliable, and a good pull will alter a fourteen-inch into a fift<?en- inch collar in the twinkling of an eye. She ought to stretch them crosswise, and not lengthwise. Then, in straitrli tuning out shirt-bosoms, she makes another mistake of the same sort. They also ought to be pulled crosswise in- stead of lengthwi.se, particularly in the neighborhood of the neck. A length- wise pull draws the front of the neckband somewhat directly under your chin, where it was never meant to go ; and, of course, that spoils the fit of

578 THE ARTS OF THE TOILET.

Jrour collar. With the front of the neckband an inch too high, and the col- ar an inch too long, you have a most undesirable combination.

Cutting Teeth. — Tlie time the first teeth make their appearance varieai, but the following dates approximate the time: Central incisors from five to eight months after birth ; lateral incisors from seven to ten : first molars from twelve to sixteen ; cuspids, or eye-teeth, from fourteen to twenty ; second mo- lars from twenty to thirty-six. The first teeth should be protected from de- cay as far as possible by careful cleaning daily: if decay makes its appear- ance, the cavity should be promptly filled, and the tooth saved until dis- placed by the permanent teeth. About the sixth year, the first molars of the permanent teeth make their appearance. They are generally supposed to >)elong to the first or milk-teeth, and are frequently Tost for want of care. i little more attention eiven to the first teeth would save parents and chil- dren sleepless niglits ana suffering.

The Eyes.— Damp, foggy weather, the reflection of the bright sunshine, intense cold, dusty windTfeadinK on cars in motion, reading by gas or lamp- light when the light falls directlv on the e^'es, sitting before a glowing fire, wearing of glasses when not needed, wearing veils, and all indulgences that weaken the nervous system, injure the eyes. The most pleasing light for w^ork is from a northern exposure. A shade that protects the eyes from tho light that falls on paper, book or work is an advantage. The liRht should not come from different points, but that from behind the worker is best. A very weak or very bri^t light should be equally avoided. Diseases of the eye are often the -result oi general weakness, and in such cases local treatment has little effect In fitting glasses to the eye great care should be taken to adjust the lens to the eye with accuracy. Crown glass is preferable to fiint, on account of its superior hardness, its entire want of color, and its non-decomposition of light. Scotch pebbles are unobjectionable except as to cost.

Dress. — ^The first object of dress is protection of the body, second to en- hance and bring out its beauty. Dress which does not enhance the beauty of the wearer, or which attracts attention from the wearer to itself, is out of taste. To be in correct taste it must be " becoming," and in this sense dressing is an art worthy of the attention and «tudy of the most intellec- tual and accomplished woman. The beauty of dress, to a cultivated eye, does not lie in its money value, but in its perfection in detail and per* feet adaptation to the wearer and the occasion for which it is intenaed. Any simpleton in petticoats, who has plenty of money, can order her clothes from Worth, in the latest Paris styles, but some quiet woman, with brains and taste, in simpler costume, will be sure to outshine her in •'society." Low-necked dresses, dragging skirts, corsets and stays, p*d«» dings, heavy skirts which rest on the hips, heavy veils, high-heeled biooti .and every other unphy Biological abomination in dress, mars beauty and de^ stroys health.

Freckles. — Grate horse-radish fine : let it stand a few hours in buttermilk, then strain and use the wash night and morning. Or, squeeze the juice of a lemon into half a goblet of water and use the same way. Most of the reme- dies for freckles are poisonous, and can not be used with safety. Freckles indicate a defective digestion, and consist in deposits of some carbonaceous or fatty matter beneath the skin. The diet should be of such a nature that bowels and kidneys will do their duty. Daily bathing, with much friction, should not be neglected, and the Turkish bath taken occasionally, if con- venient. The juice of a lemon, in which there is as much sugar dissolved as the juice will hold in solution, is an excellent remedy for freckles. This sliould be applied with a camel's-hair brush several times daily, until they disappear. It mu.st be understood that all acids are astringents in their nature, and their too freqtient use is as injurious as many apparently more deleterir <ms cosmetics; for, by too frequent and violent contraction of the pores, they become overworked, and finally refuse to respond to the action of any apph<*

THE ARTS OF THE TOILET 57^

cation ; wrinkles resnit, and are generally ineradicable, except after a tedi- ooa dietetic and medical course of treatment.

Tbeth. — Many, while attentive to their teeth, do more injury than good by two much officiousness, daily applying some dentifrice, or tooth-powder, often impure and injurious, and rubbing them so liard as not only to injure the enamel by excessive friction, but also to hurt tl^e gums even more than by a toothpick. Tooth-powders advertised in new8paj)ers are to be suspected, as some of them are not free froiu corrosive ingredients. Cliarcoal (which wkitens the teeth very nicely), pumice-stone, cuitle-fisli, and similar sub- stances, are unfit for use in tootli-powdcrs, as all are to a certain extent in- soluble in the mouth, and are forced between the margin of the gums, form- ing a nucleus for a deposit. Below will be found a few good formulas for dentifrices: Three and one-half pounds of creta prepnraia, one pound each of

Sowdered borax, powdered orris-root and white sugar, and two ounces car- amom seeds; flavor with wintergrecn, rose or jasmine. If color is desired^ use one pound of rose-pink and as much less of o'eta preparata. Tooth- powders should be thoroughly triturated in a wedgewood mortar and finely Dotted. The following is a simple and cheap preparation, and is pretty good. Take of prepared chalk and fine old Windsor soap pulverized well in pro- portion of about six parts of the former to one of the latter. Soap is a very oeneficial ingredient of tooth-powder.

The Hair. — Professor Erasmus Wilson, of London, who is authority on the subject, condemns the washing of hair; but advises that it should be kept clean by brtishing, this being a more effective stimulant than water. In cases of ordinary falling out of the hair, he prescribes the following: Liquid ammonia, almond oil, and chloroform, of each one part, diluted witli five Darts of alcohol or spirits of rosemary, which can be made fragrant by the addition of a drachm of the essential oil of lemons. The head should undergo a thorough friction with the hair-brush, after which the lotion may be applied. It may be diluted, if necessary, and can be applied daily or otherwise.

For removing scurf, he advises a lotion of borax and glycerine, two drachms of each to ei^ht ounces of distilled water. This is cooling, and allays dryness of the skin.

In cases of baldness, a lotion of the following can be iised with effect: Camphor, ammonia, chloroform and aconite, in equal parts, to be rubbed on the bare place daily, or twice a day.

A barber recommends ladies to have their hair .shampooed once a month. This will bring out the natural luster, soften it, clear it of dust, and rob it of that musty smell which comes of having long hair wound up closely for any length of time. It will also remove that itching of the head which some ladies find so troublesome.

For Complexion.— Blanch one-fourth pound best Jordan almonds, slip off the skin, mash in a mortar, and rub together with best white soap, for fifteen minutes, adding gradually one quart rose-water, or clean fresh rain-water may be used. When the mixture looks like milk, strain through fine mus- lin. Apply, after washing, with a soft rag. To whiten the skin, and remove freckles and tan, bathe three times a day in a preparation of three (juarts water, one quart alcohol, two ounces cologne, and one of borax, in propor- tion of two tea-spoons mixture to two table-spoons soft water. Bathing the face in pure buttermilk, clear whev. sour milK, new or sweet milk, is sooth- ing and healing after walking, riding, driving, rowing or sailing. Do not plunge the face into cold water, neither dash tlie water over the face when suffering from sunburn or exposure to wind or water; the sudden shock is not only injurious to the whole system, but has been known to permanently deface the complexion by a species of tanning which left a brown or yellow tinge impossible to efface.

Queen Bess Ooniplerum Wash. — Put in a vial one drachm of benzoin guna in powder, one drachm nutmeg-oil, six drops of orange-blossom tea, or

580 THE ARTS OF THE TOILET,

apple-blossoms put in lialf pint rain-water and boiled down to one tea- spoonful and strained, one pint of sherry wine. Bathe the face morning and night: will remove all Hesh-worms and freckles, and give a beautiful oomplexion. Or, put one ounce of powdered gum of henzoin in pint of whisKv; to use, put in water in wash-bowl till it is milky, allowing it to dry without wiping. This is j^erfcctly harmless.

•tHE Hair. — (.'ombsof tortoise-sliell, bone, or rubber, with not very sharp teeth, should be used. Sharp teeth injure the scalp and produce dandruff Two brushes, one hard, to clean the hair and scalp, and the other ssoft, to smooth and polish, are best. Clean brushes by rubomg them with bran, or wash with one part ammonia and two of water. Combing or brushing should be done in the natural direction of the hair, and never against it. In the proper way it can not be brushed too much. To keep the scalp clean wash m tepid soft water with a little pure soap in it, rinse in pure water, dry ^-ith towels and then in the sun or by the fire. Oily hair may be washed once a week, light hair less often. Some occuj>ations require that it should be washed much oftener. All preparations tor the hair are more or less injuri- ous. Healthy hair has enough oil of its own, and the application of foreign oil destroys its vitality. Preparations containing alconol fade hair and make it brittle. The only time when oil is admissable is after washing. The best prei>aration is one part of glycerine to three of rose-water. Pow- ders made of starch, when used, must be washed out of the hair to prevent injurv. Those made of colored glass are very injurious, cutting ana otJier- wise damaging tlie hair. At ni^it, the hair should be loosened and left free. Night-caps are a relic of oarbarism. Hair dyes are very injurious, as they all contain more or less sugar of lead, nitrate of silver, and other ingredients, which affect the brain, produce paralysis, innammation of the eyes, and impairment of sight. Gray hairs are an indication that the hair-

SVoducing organs are weakening, \\hen found they should be cut down to le healthy part, and the head should be exposed as much as possible, ex- cept in tlie middle of the day, to the sun and air. When hair falls out, it indicates a disease of the scalp. To cure, dip the head twice a day in cold water and rub with a brush until a glow is produced. In case the hair is too long to wet brush until a glow is produced, and then rub into the roots a wash made of three drachms of pare glycerine and four ounces of lime- water.

Thk Fekt. — The largest pores of the body are located in the bottom of the feet. For this reason the feet should be frequently and thoroughly washed, and tlie stockings changed often. If great cleanliness is not observed, these great pores become absorbent, and the poisons given off are taken back into the system. The nails ought to be cut squarely. Blisters i\jay be prevented by rubbing the feet, after washing, with glycerine. Bunions are caused by wearing shoes too tight or too short. They are difficult to get rid of, but may be riUeviated by wearing easy-fitting shoes, i)oulticing and putting a rub}>er rin^ an)und the spot. C-orns, which are caused by a ei)n tinned pressure on tlie foot, may be prevented by wearing woolen stockings and shoes that fit well. They are known as hard and soft, but their difference is entirely owing to locality. If a com is situated between the toes, where it is kept moist by perspiration, it is of the soft variety; but, if located on the outside of the toe. where it could get no moisture, it would necessarily be hard. They are produced by pressure or friction, and are simply a protective growth thrown out for tliepurpose of preventing the tissues being injured. They are suffi- ciently painful at all times, but they are the most unbearable when an acca- mulation of pus takes place beneath them. The escape of this <lrop of pus is prevented oy the hardened and thickened cuticle, which must be jmulticed or soaked in warm water, and then removed by a sharp-pointed knife. The entire com can be taken out with a little care and patient work, without drawing a drop of blood. The api)lication of caustics should be avoided in the treatment of corns, especially in old people,

THE AMIS OF THE TOILET. 681

ination may be the result Temporary relief from a painful sore com may readily be obtained by applying strong carbolic add. Take the cork out of a small bottle of carbolic, and apply it (the oork^ to the com. Relief wHl come at once, and you will be enabled to walk with comparative comfort till you can flud time to remove the com with the knife. Hard corns may be treated as follows : Take a thick piece of soft leather or felt^ cut a hole in the center. Upon going to bed at night, fill the hole in the center of the leather with a paste made of soda and soap : wash it off in the morning, and repeat the process for several nights, and the com will be removed. Half a cran- berry, or a piece of lemon, bound on a com will soon kill it

SwrrcHES — ^That have lost freshness may be very much improved by dip- ping them into common ammonia without dilution. Half a pint is enou^ for the purpose. The life and color of the hair is revived as if it were just <'ut from the head. This dipping should be repeated once in three months to free the switch from dust, as well as to insure safety from parasitic formar

Rowland's Macassab Oil — Is a wonderful stimulant to the growth of hair: Tie one-fourth ounce chippinp of alkanet root in a piece of coarse muslin, suspend it for a week in a jar containing eight ounces of sweet oil, taking care to cover from dirt. Then add sixty drops tincture cantharides, ten drops oil of rose, and sixty drops neroli and lemon. Let stand three weeks closely corked.

Ox-MABBow PoMATUK. — ^Takc two ounces of yellow wax and twelve ounces of beef marrow. Melt all together, and when sufficiently cool perfume it with essential oil of almonds.

Ebuftions Caused by Hsat. — Nothing is better than bathing irritated parts in a solution of one tea-spoonful of the common carbolic acid to a pint of rose-water. The acid, as usually sold in solution, is about one-half the strength of really pure acid, which is very hard to find. Care must be taken not to let the wasn get into the eyes, as it certainly will smart, though it may not be strong enough to do further harm. No more purifying, healing lotion is known to medi^ skill, and its work is speedy.

Coabse and Stippled Skin. — Some faces which are neither pimpled nor freckled look like a pin-cushion from which the pins have been dnwn out The oil-glands, particularly on the nose and cheeks, are coarse and large. Wearing at night a mask of quilted cotton wet in cold water will soften and renew the skin, and will do more for it than the costly toilet masks and cos- nietiques. It requires patience, four to six weeks bein^ required sometimes; but it works a cure and repays patience. The new skin is as soft as an in- fant's. When oily, bathing in camphor is an aid, but camphor should never be used on ^pod complexions, as it parches them.

Fob the Complexion. — ^If ladies will use any thing, the following are the best and most harmless: Blanch one-fourth pound best Jordan almonds, slip ofT the skin, mash in a mortar, and rub together with the best white soap for fifteen minutes, adding gradually one quart of rose-water ; or cleim, fresh rain-water may be used. When the mixture looks like milk, strain through fine muslin. Apply after washine with a soft rag^ To whiten the skin and remove freckles and tan, bathe three times a da^ in a preparation of three quarts of alcohol, two ounces cologne, and one of borax, in propor- tion of two tea-spoons mixture to two table-spoons soft water.

Sallownsss. — A preparation which rids the svstem of the cause of sallow- ness, and which is of value in the sprint, is made as follows : Half an ounce each of spruce, hemlock and sarsaparilla bark, dandelion, burdock and yel- low dock, in one gallon of water; boil half an hour, strain while hot, and add ten arops of oil of spruce and sassafras ; mix. When cold, add half a pound brown sugar and half a cup yeast Let stand twelve hours in a jar covered tight, and bottle. Use freely as an iced drink. It is equal to the root beer which New Yorkers drink so generally during warm months.

ACCIDENTS A2n> SUDDEN SICKNESa

It is no longer considered a mark of the highest type of the feminine mind to faint away at the smallest fHght, and to sink into helplessness at the first appearance of danger. Indeed, self-possession in emergencies i» evidence of a clear brain, which, at the critical moment, asserts its supremacy' over physical weakness, and takes command of the demoralized forces ; be- sides, fright and confusion are a confession of ignorance as well as want of self-control. Those who know exactly what to do in emergencies rarely be- come panic-stricken. And it is particularly important for women, who are^ doubtless, constitutionally more timid than men, to fortify themselves against danger, by learning what to do in such accidents and emergencies as are likely to occur in the life of every one. It would prove a rare case, indeed, if such knowledge did not, at least once in a life-time, enable the possessor of it to save a valuable life, perhaps one infinitely dearer to her than her own. Of course, within the limits of such an article as is permissible here, only a few hints can be given, rather to suggest further investigation than to be a complete guide.

A LtFB-PRESERVKR. — A felt or silk hat, held so as to keep the crown fuU of air, will sustain a person above water for a great length of time.

Panics. — If in a public hall in a panic, keep your seat; even in case of fire the chance of life is greater if free from tne crowd.

Stinos of Insects— Are relieved by tlie application of ammonia, or com- mon table salt, well rubbed in, or a slice of an onion, to the part

RuNAWAYB. — In all runaways it is safer to remain in the vehicle, and to stop witii it. than to jump while the horse is running. The vehicle helps to break the sh<x;k of the final stop.

PoisoNODs WocNDS. — Wounds by which poison has been carried into the system, require instant treatment. The wound must be burned out by a stick of lunar caustic, or by inserting a large, red-hot nail.

Burns by Alkalies, such as lime, caustic potash, soda, ammonia, etc., are stopped in their progress by applying vinegar, lemon-juic«, or other dilute acid ; they must be then treated like other burns.

Burns prom Acids, such as oil of vitriol and aqua fortis, may be checked by the free application of water or handfuls of moist earth. The first dilutes the acid, and the second contains alkali enough to neutralize the acid.

Chokinc*. — A piece of food lodged in the throat may sometimes be pushed down with the finger, or removed with a liair-pin quickly straightened and hooked at the end, or by two or three vigorous blows on the back between ilie shoulders.

Fracture.— Send at once for a physician, and simply make the patient as comfortable a.s ix)ssible. If he is to be conveyed to some distance, the frac- tured part should be siip[>orted in its natural position by handkerchiefs- loosely tied. Allow no more handling than is absolute!}' necessary.

Chilblains — Are the result of a chilling of tlic part. To cure, keep (582)

ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN SICKNESS. 583

away from the fire, and at night, before going to bed, wash in cold water, op rub in snow, and apply the compound resin ointment, made by all druggists, with a little oil of turpentine added to it.

Swallowing Pieces of Broken Glass, Pins, etc. — By no means take a pui^ative. Rather partake freely of suet pudding, or any solid farinaceous food, and it is possible that both may pass away together without injury being done.

Bites op Serpents. — When bitten by a rattlesnake, or other poisonous serpent, pinch the .skin, and, if the wound can be reached, suck out all the blood (>ossible ; if the skin of the lips and mouth is sound, no harm will be done. Whisky or brandy should, iiowever, be administered freely, to in- toxication.

Fainting. — Debility of the nervous sy.stcni favors fainting. The head should be kept low ; and if the patient faint:) in a chair, the simplest treat- ment is to grasp the back of it and depress it until the floor is reached, while another holds the knees so as to prevent slipping off the side. The patient will usually recover bv tlie time the head has reached the floor.

Shock prom Cold ^ater. — Prostration from drinking or bathing in cold water wliile exhausted by heat or exercise should be treated as described for shock from other cau.ses. Cold water should be taken in small quantities when the body is heated and exhausted, and a cold bath is often fatal under such circumstances.

Epileptic Fits.— In these there is nothing which a by-stander or friend can do, except to keep out of reach such articles as may injure the patient during the convulsive movements; to loosen the clothing about the neck and throat, and to assist to some place of .•safety when the semi-conscious state returns. Other convulsions are treated in the same manner.

Lightning. — If the person shows no si^ns of life, strip and dash the body with cold water, dry and place in bed with bottles of hot water at the pit of the stomach and extremities, keeping up artificial respiration until the nat- ural breathing is restored ; a tca-si)oon of brandy in a table-spoon of water may be given every few minutes. Burns from lightning should be treated like burns from any other cause.

Breaking Through Ice. — In assisting persons who have broken through ice, get a long pole, or stick, or board, to distribute the weight over a greater surface of ice. In attempting to pet out of water upon the ice, after hft/ing fallen in, the best way is to approach it sidewise, and roll out rather than to attempt to raise the body up by the arms alone, as the weight is more widely distrihuted.

Hangin(4.— Death is from the same cause as in drowning. Cut down the bodv without allowing it to fall, place on face, press back tongue with finger to allow any accumulation to escape from the mouth, place on the back, and treat as directed for the drowned. If body is still warm after the removal of clothing, stand off six feet and dash several times with a bowl of cold water, the face, neck, and chest.

BrRX I NG -Houses. — When a house is on fire, close all the doors and pre- vent currents of nir. If the fire could be entirely shut in, it would smother and die out. The check will give time to get help, or, at least, to remove furniture and inakoall lives secure. If up-stairs when the stairway below is on fire, tear clothing to maskc cords to let yourself down by. If a room is full of smoke and flame, crawl on the floor, as the lower air is the colder and more free from .smoke.

Foreign Bodif.?* in the Ear. — Take the head of the child between the knees, face downward, and inject a stream of wjym water into the ear, hold- ing the nozzle of tlie .syringe outside, so as to allow the foreign body to come out with the water. Probing, with any substance whatever, is very dan- gerous, and may inflict permanent injury. When the above plan does not succeod, call asnrgeon. Kill insects that get into the ear by pouring ia aweet-oil or glycerine, which drowns and brings them to the surface.

584 ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN SICKNESS.

Foreign Body in Nostril. — Children often push foreign bodies up the nostril. To remove it, make the child draw a full breath, and then, closing the other nostril with the finger, and the mouth with the hand, expel the air from the lungs by a sharp blow on the back. If it can not be removed in this way, compress the nostril above it to prevent its going uj) an^^- further, and hook it out with the bent end of a wire or bodkin. If this fails, call a surgeon.

Fkeezino. — Keep the frozen person, or part, away from the heat If the person is insensible, take him to a cold room, remove clothing, rub with snow or clothes wrung out of ice-water. The cold friction should be kept up for some time; and when the frozen parts show signs of life, the uatient should be carefully dried and put into a cold bed in a cold room, ana artificial res- piration used until the natural is restored; and then brandy, beef-tea. and ginger-tea administered. The patient must be brought by degrees into the warmer air. Parts frozen should be treated by the same rule.

Bites of Dogs. — The only safe remedy in case of a bite from a dog sus- pected of madness, is to burn out the wound thoroughly witli a red-hot iron» or with lunar caustic, for fully eight i^econds, so as to destroy the entire sur> face of the wound. Do this as soon as ixjssible, for no time is to be lost. Of course it will be ex^>ected that the parts touched with the caustic will turn black. If, unfortiumtely, it should chance that any one is bitten by a dog that is said to be mad, it is wortli while to chain, the animal up, instead of shooting it instantly, for if it should turn out that it is not mad — ^and a false alarm is frequently raised — the relief to the minds of all concerned is indescribable.

Foreign Bodies in the Eye. — The particle almost invariably lodges under the upper lid, adhering to it If that lid is grasped by the thumb and finger, drawn outward and then downward, and then released, the lashes of the lower lid act as brush, and sweep off the intruder. If, how^ever, it adheres to the eye-ball, it may be removed by rolling the upper lid over a knitting-needle, and holding it there in such a position as to expose the sur- face, when the particle can be removed by the corner of a handkerchief. Sometimes it may become imbedded in the membnine which covers the eye- ball, or eye-lid, and require the aid of a surgeon. Never use any of the eye- waters, lotions, or salvos, advertised as popular. A particle of lime in the eye is very dangerous, and vinegar diluted with water should be applied at once; even when done inmiediatcly the eye will be seriously inflamed.

Shock or Collapse from lightning, sudden and severe injuries, bums extending over a large extent of surface, or powerful emotions, producea Bometliing analogous to fainting. IMiice the patient flat on the back, with the head raised not more than an inch, and give a tea-spoon of brandy in a table-spoon of water, every minute for six or eight minutes. If the temperature of the body has been raised, and the action of the heart is restored, enough has been given. Application of heat to the stomach and extremities is useful. The nausea and vomiting that sometimes accompany it may be allayed bjj" swallowing whole small chips of ice, split off by stand- ing a piece with grain upright and splitting off a thin edge with the point of a nin. Ammonia applied to the nostrils is often useful, and cologne on a handkerchief is sometimes of service.

PuNCTrRED Wounds need a pad at the surface. to cause clotting of the blood in the wound, but are otherwise treated like cutij. If pain follows and in- flammation ensues, the pad must be removed to permit the results of the in- flammation to escape. Thorns or splinters, when run into the flesh, shoulil be removed by cutting in far enough to get hold of and draw them out. Slivers under the nail, when not reached from the end, should be removed by scraping the nail thin, and cutting through it to the foreign bo<ly. and so withdrawing it; the part should then be tied with a cloth wet with water, in which a few drops of laudanum have been mixed. A puncture, by a rusty nail or some such substance, of the finger, toe, hand, or foot, fre<]uentl9

ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN SICKNESS. 585

caases inflammation, and yet there is not room for the foreign matter left in the wound to escape througli the tough skin, and lock-jaw results ; in all such cajses the wound should be cut open to provide a way of escape for the blood, etc., and a piece of linen wet with laudanum inserted. Wounds from bruises and lacerations especially demand careful treatment, on the same general principles given above.

Suffocation. — This often occurs from carbonic acid gas, or *'choke-damp»" on entering wells or old cellars; this gas being heavier than air, falls and rests at the bottom. Before entering such places, test by lowering a lighted candle; if the flame is extinguished it is unsafe to enter until the gas has been removed, by throwing down a bundle of lighted shavings or nlazin;» paper, suflScient to cause a strong upward current. When a person is over- come by this gas, he must be immediately rescued by another, who njusr he rapidly lowered and drawn out, as he must do all wliile holding his breatli ; a large sack is sometimes thrown over the i)erson who goes to the rescue. As soon as brought out, place tlie person on his back, bare the neck and throati loosen clothing and strip as quickly as |K)ssible ; if he has not fallen in the water, dash cold water freely over head, neck, and shoulders, standing off sev- eral feet and throwing it with force ; artificial respiration should be used mean- time, as in case of drowning, with as little cessation as possible. If the per- son has fallen into the water when overcome by the gas, place in a warm bed, and use the means of artiflcial respiration vigorously.

Suflbcation from burning charcoal, from anthracite or bituminous coal, or from common burning gas, or the foul gases from drains and cess-pools, ia treated as if from carbonic acid gas.

Accidents in General. — The first and most important thing, after send- ing for a surgeon, when an accident has occurred, is to keep off the crowd. No one. except one or two in charge, should be allowed nearer than ten feet; and the kinaest thing a by-stander can do is to insist on such a space, and to select such persons as are willing to go for whatever is needed by the sur- geon or physician, so that there may be no delay, if any thing is needed. If there has been a "shock" from a fall or blow, although there may be no fracture or external injury, the jwrson is "faint," and should be placed flat on the back, with the head, neck, and shoulders alighily raised; the liinbs should be straightened out, so that the heart may act as easily as possible; the cravat, collar, and clothing, if in the least tijjht, should be loosened. A. sup of cold water will bring reaction soon if the injury is slight; a tea-spoon of brandy, in a table-sj)oon of water, every two minutes, gentle friction to the extremities, a handkerchief wet with cologne-water held to the nostrils, a fan, if weather is hot, will all aid in restoring full consciousnes.s. If thought best to remove the patient to his residence, or to a more favorable place for treatment, place on a stretcher, settee, or shutter, slipping him on gently, taking care that the body is supported along its whole length; throw a handkerchief over the face to prevent the unpleasant sensation of the

Burns and Scalds.— First put the fire out. If the clothing is on fire, throw the person on the ground and wrap in cari)et, rug, or your coat, if nothing else is at hand. B^in wrapping at the neck and shoulders, and keep the flames away from the neck and face, so as to i>revent breathing the hot air and consequent injury to the lungs. If prostration and shock or fainting is produced, a little brandy, repeated often until there is a revival of strength, should be given. A sui)erncial burn covering a large surface is often more dangerous than a deejier one confined to less surface. If there is any cause for apprehension that the hot air has been inhaled, send for a physician at once. If the burn is slight in character, apply the water-dress- ing, by placing two or more thicknesses of old linen (from table-cloth or sheet), slightly dan4)ened over a surface a little larger than the wound;

586 ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN SICKNESS.

fasten on by slips of sticking-plaster, or tie on with bandages, and keep it wet by frequent applications of water. When the pain has moderated, a dressing of pure hog's-lard is one of the best. It may be purified, when doubtful, boiling in water until the salt and impurities have settled, and then set away to cool until the floating lard hardens ; this is gathered, placed in a bowl, set in hot water, and kept hot until all the water in the lard has passed off, when it is ready for use. The common soda used for cooking purpKJses may be employed as a dressing. A thick layer should be spread over the part and covered with a light wet bandage, keeping it moist and renewing it when necessary. A good dressing for a slight burn or scald is the white of an egg, applied with a soft rag or brush, applying fresh as the

; a lather of soap from a shaving-cup of

lirst layer dries ; a lather of soap from a shaving-cup often allays pain, and keeps out the air. If so serious that a physician has been sent for, it is better not to apply any thing, as it may interfere w^ith his examination and treat- ment of the case. In cases too severe for the mild treatment given above, send at once for a physician.

Drowning. — Death is caused by cutting off the supply of fresh air from the lungs, so that the process of purification of the arterial blood ceasea Life is rarely restored after an immersion of five or six minutes, but recovery has been recorded after twenty minutes. Efforts to restore should be con- tinued for at least two hours, or until the arrival of a physician. What is done must be done quickly. The body should be recovered without loss of time, from the water, and laid face downward for a moment, while the tongue is pressed back by the finger to allow the escape of water or any other sub- stance from the mouth or throat (no water can ever by any possibility get into the lungs). This may be done while the body is being conveyed to the nearest house ; on arrival, strip off clothing, place on a warm bed,*with head raised very little, if any, apply friction with the dry hands to the extremities, and heated flannels to the rest of the body. Now breathing must be artifi- cially restored. "Silvester's ready method" is most favored by physicians, and consists in pulling the tongue well forward, to favor the passage of air to the lungs, and then drawing the arms away from the sides of the body, and upward, so that they meet over the head, and then bringing them down "until the elbows almost meet over the "pit of the stomach." These move- ments must be made, and persisted in, at the rate of sixteen to the minute. Another metliod is to place the body flat on the face, press gently on the back, turn body on its side or a little beyond, and then, turning bark upon face, apply gentle pressure again, repeating at the rate of sixteen times a minute. As soon as vitality oegins to return, a few

Sunstroke. — ^This is favored by intemperance, and by debility brought on by work in a heated atmosphere. Those who sleep in badly ventilated apartments are most subject to\t. Most cases are preceded by pain in the head, wandering thought and loss of mental cgntrol, disturbetl vision, irri- tability, sense of pain, and weight at pit of stomach, and labored breathing. The skin is hot and dry, or covered with profuse perspiration; the face bluish ; the breath rapid and short; and the action of the heart ** fluttering." In manj' instances the patient does not move an eyelid, from the beginning of the main attack until death ensues.

Carry the person attacked at once to a cool, airy spot, in the shadow of a wall, or to a large room with a bare floor, remove clothing gently, place i^atient on the back, raise head two inches by a folded garment, dash entire body with water profusely, supplying basin with cold water from two buck- ets, one of which is tilled with water and finely i)ulverized ice while the other

ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN SICKNESS. 587

Is supplying the water used by the attendant. Dash on water with force, par- ticularly on head and chest. Two persons may also rub the entire body, par- ticularly the head, with a towel in which is wrapped pulverized ice. As soon as a decline in heat is noticed remove |>ationt to a dry place, and wipe dry. If heat comes on again when consciousness is restored, renew cold applications As soon as the heat declines, artificial resj^ration must be resortea to, until the natural takes its place. There being real asphyxia, as in drowning, no medicine is of use, and alcoholic stimulants should be carefully avoided. To prevent sunstroke, u.se no malt or alcoholic liquors, avoid overwork and ex- haustion, take plenty of sleep in a well-ventilated room, bathe every night, avoid drinking large quantities of water, esitecially at meals, wear loose- fitting garments, protect the head with a covering that will shelter from the sun and yet permit free circulation of air over the scalp; a ^raw hat of loose texture, with a lining that may be wet when going out, and a broad brim to protect neck ani shoulders, is best.

Hemjrrhagek. — Bleeding from the nose may be stopped by lying flat on the back, with the head raised, and the hands held above it. The nose must be covered with a cloth filled with pounded ice, or wrung out of ice-water. The head should never be held over a basin, as the position encourages bleed- ing. The hlyyd may be received m a wet sponge.

When any one coughs or spits up blood, the first thought is that it must be from the lungs. A slight knowledge of the characteristics of the blood fromi dific^rent parts that luuy come through the mouth will sometimes save much needless anxiety.

Bl»d fr)m the lungs is always bright reil in color, because it has ju<st been pur:£ed by contact with the air. It is frothy, mixed with mucus, in small quantity, and is usually coughed up.

Blooa from the stomticli is dark red, almost black, is mixed with particles of food, comes in large quantities, and is vomited.

Blood from the mouth and gums is of a red color and usually mixed with saliva. Unless it has first been swallowed, it is not vomited or coughed up.

In hemorrhage from the lungs the head and shoulders must be raised. Some physicians recommend a table-spoonful of table salt to be given in a tumbler of water. It is always safe to give cracked ice.

Bleeding from the stomach may be checked bv the application of a mustard plaster over the stomach ; cracked ice should be given and the doctor sent for.

In bleeding from wounds or recent amputation there are three things that jnav be dcme :

I^irst, press the finger or the hand ovc r the bloeding point.

Seccma, press on tlie main artery supplying the wound, or, if this can not be found, apply a bandage as tightly as j)ossible above the wcund. An excellent tourniquet may be improvised by knotting a handkerchief loosely around the limb, thrusting a short stick through it and twisting it tight

The blood from an artery is bright red and comes in spurts with each beat of the heart, while that from the veins is a dark purplish color and flows in a steady .stream. When the bleeding is from an artery, the pressure should be applied between the wound and the heart; when from a vein, the limb must oe compressed beyond the wound.

Third, raise the part above the rest of the body, that the blood may drain out of it, and support it on pillows. It should be bathed in ice-water. and have ice wrapped in cotton cloths laid on it.

If faintness ensues, the sufferer should not be immediately roused, as this is nature's reme<ly, and acts by lessening the force and activity of the circula- tion. If any part of the body has been cut off, it should be cleaned of for- eign matter,' and at once replaced, wrapped in cotton to retain warmth, and a gentle pressure kept on it to retain it in place. Circulation is often restored and the union made complete.