Basil is a herb with 375 known flavor compounds. The most distinctive molecule is 3-methylnonane-2,4-dione. It pairs most strongly with garlic, sharing 225 flavor compounds. Basil appears in 8,808 recipes, most commonly in world cuisine.
Six key compounds: citrusy linalool, camphoraceous eucalyptol, woody pine-scented alpha-pinene, peppery beta-myrcene, clove-scented eugenol and anise-like estragole.
Compounds ranked by rarity — the higher the score, the more distinctive to this ingredient.
Of the ~226 molecules that drive perceived food aroma (Dunkel et al. 2014), Basil's inventory contains 56. Most of the other 319 compounds are below detection threshold.
+ 44 more — showing top 12 by class and threshold.
Generalist = appears in >25% of foods (Maillard / fermentation products). Individualist = appears in <5% of foods (carries signature notes). Threshold values are in clean water — the actual perception threshold in a food matrix can differ substantially.
How Basil's 375 known compounds break down by aroma category. Percentages are of compounds with a known label.
133 of 375 are distinctive to basil — they appear in under 10% of foods. The remainder are the background most foods share.
Ordered by measured impact in basil — concentration against odour threshold where both are published, then by how distinctive the molecule is across the graph. Molecules measured here but not established as odorants sit below those that are.
Ranked by median concentration across published studies. Only 5 of Basil's 375 compounds have a measured concentration in the literature — the rest are confirmed present but not yet quantified. Bars are log-scaled.
Ranked by how often cooks actually use them together, across 453,403 recipes — the familiar answer first. Each pairing still carries its molecular score and shared-compound count; only the ORDER differs. Counts cover every characterised molecule the two ingredients have in common, not only the aroma-active ones, so they can exceed an ingredient’s aroma-compound count. For the chemistry-first view — where the surprising pairings live — see the molecular network below, the side-by-side comparison, or the Pairing Tool.
Basil and its 10 closest compound-sharing relatives. Spoke thickness = shared compounds; circle size = that ingredient's own compound count. Drag to rearrange, scroll to zoom, click to open.
Compare Basil side-by-side
Drawn from PubMed + Europe PMC + food-science journals. Click any title to read the full abstract on the original source.
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